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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Below is a Russian translation of our information resource on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). You can also read our other Russian translations.

§¥§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§Ù§â§à§ã§Ý§í§ç §ã §ã§Ú§ß§Õ§â§à§Þ§à§Þ §Õ§Ö§æ§Ú§è§Ú§ä§Ñ §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ô§Ú§á§Ö§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú (§³§¥§£§¤), §Ó§Ù§â§à§ã§Ý§í§ç, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ð§ä §é§ä§à §å §ß§Ú§ç §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §³§¥§£§¤, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ú§ç §Ù§ß§Ñ§ð§ä §Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä.

§¢§å§Õ§å§ä §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§í §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í:

  • §é§ä§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §³§¥§£§¤;
  • §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §å §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §³§¥§£§¤;
  • §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§í §³§¥§£§¤;
  • §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§î §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î §Ú §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à;
  • §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ§à§Þ§å.

§¹§ä§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §³§¥§£§¤?

§³§Ú§ß§Õ§â§à§Þ §Õ§Ö§æ§Ú§è§Ú§ä§Ñ §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ô§Ú§á§Ö§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú (§³§¥§£§¤) ¡ª §ï§ä§à §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù, §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Û §Ü §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã§à §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ:

  • §ß§Ö§Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î ¡ª §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à §ã§Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ;
  • §Ô§Ú§á§Ö§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î ¡ª §à§ë§å§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à §å§ã§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§î §ß§Ñ §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö;
  • §Ú§Þ§á§å§Ý§î§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î ¡ª §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §é§ä§à-§ä§à, §ß§Ö §á§à§Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§Ó §ã§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §à §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ§ç.

§¢§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §ï§ä§Ú §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ§ç. §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§å §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à §ã§Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Û §Õ§Ö§ß§î, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §á§Ý§à§ç§à §ã§á§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §ß§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§ß§å§ß§Ö §ß§à§é§î§ð.

§´§Ö§Þ §ß§Ö §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ö, §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §ï§ä§Ú §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Õ§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö, §Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §à§ß§Ú §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §á§à §Þ§Ö§â§Ö §Ó§Ù§â§à§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §ç§à§ä§ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ. §¿§ä§Ú §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ð§ä §ß§Ñ §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ.

?§¥§Ý§ñ §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ §é§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§ß§Ú§Ô§Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§â§å§ã§Ö§Ý§Ú, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ü§ß§Ú§Ô§å §Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä §Ü§ä§à-§ä§à §Ú§Ù §ä§à§Ý§á§í. §©§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §à§ë§å§ë§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§à§Ö§Ù§Õ§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§Ö, §Ô§Õ§Ö §Þ§à§Ö §ß§Ö§ä§Ö§â§á§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§Ö ?§ñ? §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §á§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ý§ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ñ §Þ§à§Ö §Ý§ð§Ò§à§á§í§ä§ß§à§Ö ?§ñ? §Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä §â§å§Ý§î?. §¹§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §ã §³§¥§£§¤

§¬§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §³§¥§£§¤?

§³§¥§£§¤ ¡ª §ï§ä§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ö§â§Ó§ß§à-§á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ. §´§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Û §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §à§Ò§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ð, §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö.

§²§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ö§â§Ó§ß§à-§á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Õ§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§ã§ð §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î. §¿§ä§à §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ß§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à ?§Ó§í§Ý§Ö§é§Ú§ä§î?. §£§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§à §ï§ä§à§Ô§à, §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ã §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §ß§Ö§â§Ó§ß§à-§á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ú§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§Ö §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ö §Ú §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §Ó §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú.

§­§ð§Õ§Ú, §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §à§Õ§ß§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ö§â§Ó§ß§à-§á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ, §ã §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Û §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â:

  • §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ñ§å§ä§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§â§Ñ;
  • §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §Ü§à§à§â§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û;
  • §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §â§Ö§é§Ú, §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ §Ú §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú;
  • §ã§Ú§ß§Õ§â§à§Þ §´§å§â§Ö§ä§ä§Ñ;
  • §Õ§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã§Ú§ñ;
  • §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§Ü§å§Ý§Ú§ñ.

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §å §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ö§ã§ä§î §³§¥§£§¤, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §ß§Ö §Ó§í§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö §Ý§Ö§é§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ, §ï§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §à§ä§â§Ú§è§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §Ö§Ô§à §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ú §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö.

§µ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§â§å§ð§ä §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §¿§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ó§í§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §æ§à§ß§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §³§¥§£§¤.

§¯§Ñ§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §³§¥§£§¤?

§³§¥§£§¤ §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §å 3¨C4 §Ó§Ù§â§à§ã§Ý§í§ç §Ú§Ù 100. §­§ð§Õ§Ú §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ú§Þ§Ö§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§Ö §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §ß§à §³§¥§£§¤ §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú §ä§Ö§ç, §å §Ü§à§Ô§à §Ö§ã§ä§î:

  • §ã§Ö§ã§ä§â§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§â§Ñ§ä §Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ü§Ú§Û §â§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§Ü §ã §³§¥§£§¤;
  • §ï§á§Ú§Ý§Ö§á§ã§Ú§ñ;
  • §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö§â§Ó§ß§à-§á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §ß§Ö§ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ü §à§Ò§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ú§Ý§Ú §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §à§Ò§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ;
  • §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ;
  • §à§á§í§ä §Ù§Ý§à§å§á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ñ§Ý§Ü§à§Ô§à§Ý§Ö§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ñ§â§Ü§à§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú;
  • §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö §å§Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ö§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ;
  • §á§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §é§Ö§â§Ö§á§ß§à-§Þ§à§Ù§Ô§à§Ó§Ñ§ñ §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ;
  • §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §á§à §å§ç§à§Õ§å.

§­§Ú§Ò§à §ä§Ö, §Ü§ä§à:

  • §â§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§Õ§à§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ;
  • §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù ?§Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §à§á§á§à§Ù§Ú§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à? §Ú§Ý§Ú ?§â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ? §Ó §Õ§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§à§Þ §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö;
  • §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ä§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ, §Ó §Õ§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§à§Þ §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö.

§¦§ã§ä§î §Ý§Ú §Ô§Ö§ß§Õ§Ö§â§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö §Ó §³§¥§£§¤?

§³§¥§£§¤ §é§Ñ§ë§Ö §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §å §Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§é§Ú§Ü§à§Ó, §é§Ö§Þ §å §Õ§Ö§Ó§à§é§Ö§Ü. §±§â§Ú §ï§ä§à§Þ §å §Ó§Ù§â§à§ã§Ý§í§ç §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù §³§¥§£§¤ §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§é§ä§Ú §Ó §â§Ñ§Ó§ß§à§Û §Þ§Ö§â§Ö §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú §Þ§å§Ø§é§Ú§ß §Ú §Ø§Ö§ß§ë§Ú§ß. §¿§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §à§Ò§ì§ñ§ã§ß§ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ä§Ö§Þ, §é§ä§à §Ó §Õ§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§à§Þ §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö §Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§é§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ã§Ü§Ý§à§ß§ß§í §Ü §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§ß§ã§ä§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§à§Ó §Ô§Ú§á§Ö§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §Ú§Þ§á§å§Ý§î§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§ß§í.

§¹§ä§à §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù§Ñ, §Õ§Ö§Ó§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ú §Ø§Ö§ß§ë§Ú§ß§í §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ã §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Û §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð:

  • §Ú§Þ§Ö§ä§î §ß§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §³§¥§£§¤;
  • §ß§Ö §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§å §ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö §³§¥§£§¤;
  • §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Ô§à §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ö§â§Ó§ß§à-§á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ.

§¬§Ñ§Ü §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§ä§î, §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ý§Ú §å §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ §³§¥§£§¤?

§¯§Ú§Ø§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß §á§Ö§â§Ö§é§Ö§ß§î §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§à§Ó §³§¥§£§¤. §¥§Ý§ñ §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ü§Ú §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù§Ñ §³§¥§£§¤ §ï§ä§Ú §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §å §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §Ó, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§å§Þ, §Õ§Ó§å§ç §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§ñ§ç §á§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§à§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú. §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â: §Õ§à§Þ§Ñ, §Ó §å§é§Ö§Ò§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö, §Ó §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §Ú §á§â§à§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú.

§³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ñ§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó, §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §à§ä§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§ð§ä §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §Ú §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ù§Õ§Ö§ã§î §ß§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ. §®§í §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§í, §à§ç§Ó§Ñ§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§Ú§Û §ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§â §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§à§Ó, §à§ä §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§Ö§Ø§Ú, §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ö§Û §à§Ò§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Õ§à §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ú§ç §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ§ç.

§¯§Ö§Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î
  • §°§ä§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü §Õ§Ö§ä§Ñ§Ý§ñ§Þ
  • §³§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§ê§Ú§Ò§à§Ü §Ó §ê§Ü§à§Ý§Ö, §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Û §ã§æ§Ö§â§Ö §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú
  • §³§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ§ç
  • §³§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à §ã§Ý§å§ê§Ñ§ä§î, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ü §ß§Ö§Þ§å §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ§á§â§ñ§Þ§å§ð
  • §¯§Ö§ã§à§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§è§Ú§Û §Ú §ß§Ö§ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ú§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§å, §á§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú
  • §³§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é §Ú §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û
  • §ª§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§á§â§Ú§ñ§Ù§ß§î §Ü §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ, §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §å§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§Û §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ñ §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú (§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â: §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ §Ó §ê§Ü§à§Ý§Ö, §Õ§à§Þ§Ñ§ê§ß§ñ§ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ §á§à §Õ§à§Þ§å)
  • §±§à§ä§Ö§â§ñ §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§í§ç §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§Û (§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â: §ê§Ü§à§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§â§Ú§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ü§Ñ§â§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§ê§Ú, §Ü§ß§Ú§Ô§Ú, §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í, §Ü§à§ê§Ö§Ý§î§Ü§Ú, §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ú, §Õ§à§Ü§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í, §à§é§Ü§Ú, §Þ§à§Ò§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß§í)
  • §­§Ö§Ô§Ü§Ñ§ñ §à§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§ã§ä§î
  • §©§Ñ§Ò§í§Ó§é§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§î
§¤§Ú§á§Ö§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §Ú§Þ§á§å§Ý§î§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î
  • §³§å§Ö§ä§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§à§ã§ä§å§Ü§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §â§å§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§à§Ô§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §×§â§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö
  • §°§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Ô§à §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ §Ó §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ§ç, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö
  • §¢§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Û§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §Ú§Ù§Ò§í§ä§à§Ü §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§Ú
  • §³§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à §ä§Ú§ç§à §Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §Õ§à§ã§å§Ô§à§Ó§à§Û §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú
  • §ª§Ù§Ý§Ú§ê§ß§ñ§ñ §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§î
  • §£§í§Ü§â§Ú§Ü§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ §Õ§à §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ
  • §³§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §à§Ø§Ú§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §à§é§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ú
  • §±§Ö§â§Ö§Ò§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §Ó§Þ§Ö§ê§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Ô§à§Ó§à§â §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û

§¯§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö §ï§ä§Ú §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §ñ§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç. §­§ð§Õ§Ú §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §á§â§Ú§Õ§å§Þ§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§í §ã§à§Ü§â§í§ä§Ú§ñ §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§à§Ó, §é§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §à§é§Ö§ß§î §å§ä§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ú §à§ä§â§Ú§è§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ú§ç §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö.

§±§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í §³§¥§£§¤

§±§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §³§¥§£§¤ §ß§Ö §á§â§à§ã§ä§à §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§Ü §Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à, §Ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü ?§à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î?. §¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ñ§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§í §³§¥§£§¤ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í §Ó §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ö:

  • §¤§Ú§á§Ö§â§æ§à§Ü§å§ã. §¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §à§Ò§ß§Ñ§â§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä, §é§ä§à §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä ?§Ô§Ú§á§Ö§â§Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ? §ß§Ñ §é§Ö§Þ-§ä§à, §é§ä§à §Ú§ç §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§å§Ö§ä. §¿§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ú §à§é§Ö§ß§î §ç§à§â§à§ê§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ò§Ú§â§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§é§Ö§ß§î §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §Þ§à§ä§Ú§Ó§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Ú §å§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§í §é§Ö§Þ-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à.
  • §²§Ö§Ñ§Ô§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §Ü§â§Ú§Ù§Ú§ã§ß§å§ð §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§ð. §¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §à§Ò§ß§Ñ§â§å§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ú §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §Ý§å§é§ê§Ú§Ö §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§í §Ó §Ü§â§Ú§Ù§Ú§ã§ß§à§Û §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö §Ú§ç §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö.
  • §¬§â§Ö§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î. §³§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ý§Ö§Ô§Ü§à §à§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §á§â§à§Ò§å§Ö§ä §Ñ§Ý§î§ä§Ö§â§ß§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Ú §Ü§â§Ö§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§í §Ü §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ.

§¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ï§ä§Ú §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó §ã§Ó§à§ð §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å. §¥§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§ß§Ñ§Õ§à§Ò§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§í, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ï§ä§Ú §á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í.

?§®§ß§Ö §ß§Ñ§Õ§à§Ö§Ý§à §ã§Ý§í§ê§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §ñ §Ò§å§â§ß§à §â§Ö§Ñ§Ô§Ú§â§å§ð, §Ó§Ö§Õ§å §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ô§â§å§Ò§à, §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §á§â§Ö§â§í§Ó§Ñ§ð. §¡ §ß§Ö §ä§à, §é§ä§à §ñ §Ò§í§Ý §Ó §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ó§Ü§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú. §Á §Ò§í§Ý §å§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß. §Á §Ò§í§Ý §Ó§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß. §©§Ñ§á§à§Þ§ß§Ú§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §à§Õ§ß§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §å§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ú§è§Ñ §Ó §Þ§à§Ö§Û §ê§Ü§à§Ý§Ö, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§Ý§Ñ: ?§®§ß§Ö §ß§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ä§Ó§à§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §ß§à §á§à§á§â§Ú§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú §Ö§Ô§à §ß§Ñ §á§ñ§ä§î §Þ§Ú§ß§å§ä. §®§ß§Ö §Ò§í§Ý§à §á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§à?. §·§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Õ

§¬§Ñ§Ü §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §å §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ§à§Ô§à §Þ§ß§Ö §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ö§ã§ä§î §³§¥§£§¤?

§¥§â§å§Ù§î§ñ §Ú §â§à§Õ§ß§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§Ú §³§¥§£§¤ §å §ä§Ö§ç, §Ü§à§Ô§à §à§ß§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§ð§ä. §¬§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Õ§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ñ§Ý§î§ñ§ß§ã §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§à§Ó §á§à §Ò§à§â§î§Ò§Ö §ã §³§¥§£§¤ (CADDRA) §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§í§Û §á§Ö§â§Ö§é§Ö§ß§î §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §ä§à, §é§ä§à §å §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §Ó§í §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö, §Ö§ã§ä§î §ß§Ö§á§à§Õ§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §³§¥§£§¤.

  • §±§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §ã §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û. §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â: §ß§Ö§å§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ä§î §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ, §á§â§à§á§å§ë§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§í, §é§Ñ§ã§ä§í§Ö §á§â§à§ã§â§à§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ú §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§í.
  • §¯§Ö§å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §å§ã§á§Ö§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§ã§ä§î.
  • §±§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §ã §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ô§ß§Ö§Ó§à§Þ.
  • §±§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §Ó §ã§Ö§Þ§î§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§â§Ñ§Ü§Ö.
  • §°§ä§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §â§å§ä§Ú§ß§í. §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §ß§Ö§â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§í§Û §ã§à§ß.
  • §³§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú.
  • §¡§Õ§Õ§Ú§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ö §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â: §å§á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§à§Ó, §Ü§à§Þ§á§å§Ý§î§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Û §ê§à§á§Ú§ß§Ô §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ñ§Ù§Ñ§â§ä§ß§í§Ö §Ú§Ô§â§í.
  • §¹§Ñ§ã§ä§í§Ö §ß§Ö§ã§é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ú §Ó§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö§à§ã§ä§à§â§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.
  • §±§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §ã §Ó§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â: §ê§ä§â§Ñ§æ§í §Ù§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ü§à§â§à§ã§ä§Ú, §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§í§Ö §Õ§à§â§à§Ø§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ê§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ý§Ú§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó.
  • §£§í§ß§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §å§Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ö§Û §ß§Ñ§Ô§â§å§Ù§Ü§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §á§à §å§é§Ö§Ò§Ö.
  • §¯§Ú§Ù§Ü§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ç§â§à§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §ß§Ö§å§ã§á§Ö§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§ã§ä§î.

§­§ð§Õ§Ú, §å §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ü§ä§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Ú§Ù §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ü§Ú§ç §â§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Ö§ã§ä§î §³§¥§£§¤, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ã §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Û §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §³§¥§£§¤.

 ?§Á §è§Ö§ß§ð §ã§Ó§à§Û §Þ§à§Ù§Ô §Ú §Ó §ä§à §Ø§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ð §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §ß§Ú§Þ. §£ §ï§ä§à§Þ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ §à§é§Ö§ß§î §Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß §Ò§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ß§ã. §¯§Ñ §ï§ä§à §å§ê§Ý§Ú §Ô§à§Õ§í, §ß§à §ñ §ß§Ñ§å§é§Ú§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í, §à§Ò§å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ú§Þ §ß§Ö§Û§â§à§ä§Ú§á§à§Þ. §®§Ö§ß§ñ §ß§Ö §å§ã§ä§â§Ñ§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §à§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à ?§ß§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ü§à§Ó?. §®§à§Ö §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö ¡ª §ï§ä§à §®§°§« §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §à§á§í§ä?. §¬§Ý§ï§â

§³§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ý§Ú §³§¥§£§¤ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ?

§©§Ñ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ô§à§Õ§í §Ó §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Ò§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §â§à§ã§ä §é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ñ §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ó §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§í, §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î §á§â§Ú §³§¥§£§¤. §¿§ä§à§Þ§å §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §â§ñ§Õ §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß, §Ó §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú:

  • §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§Ñ§ñ §à§ã§Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §à §³§¥§£§¤ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó;
  • §á§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§ñ COVID-19, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ñ §Ü §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ö§Û §Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í. §¿§ä§à §Þ§à§Ô§Ý§à §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú §³§¥§£§¤ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§ß§í§Þ.

§´§à, §é§ä§à §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Ö §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ú §ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö §³§¥§£§¤, ¡ª §ï§ä§à §ç§à§â§à§ê§à, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ï§ä§à §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú, §å §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ö§ã§ä§î §³§¥§£§¤, §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§å§ð §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å. §´§Ö, §å §Ü§à§Ô§à §³§¥§£§¤ §ß§Ö §à§Ò§ß§Ñ§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß, §ß§à §Ö§ã§ä§î §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ö§Û §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ö, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§î §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å. 

§¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §à§ê§Ú§Ò§à§é§ß§à §Ó§í§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §³§¥§£§¤ ¡ª ?§Þ§à§Õ§ß§à? §Ú§Ý§Ú ?§á§â§Ú§Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ß§à?. §£ §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ö §Ó§â§Ñ§é§Ö§Ò§ß§à§Ö §à§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §ß§Ñ§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §³§¥§£§¤, §Ò§í§Ý§à §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß§à §Ó XVIII §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ö. §¯§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§â§Ö§ä§Ö§â§á§Ö§Ý§à §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Þ, §ß§à §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §à§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§í §ä§Ö §Ø§Ö §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§í §ã§Ö§Ô§à§Õ§ß§ñ §â§Ñ§ã§è§Ö§ß§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §³§¥§£§¤.

§³§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§í §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ó§à§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §å§é§Ö§ß§í§Ö §Ó§à §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ú§â§Ö §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§ß§í §ã §ä§Ö§Þ, §é§ä§à §³§¥§£§¤ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§Ò§à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù§à§Þ. §¦§ã§ä§î §é§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §à§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §³§¥§£§¤ §Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§å, §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å §Ú §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö.

§¬§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §³§¥§£§¤ §Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§ß §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Þ?

§£ §Õ§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö

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§·§à§ä§ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §à§Ò§ë§Ú§Ö, ?§ä§Ú§á§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö? §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í, §å §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §³§¥§£§¤ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §á§à-§â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§Þ§å. §´§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ó§í§Ô§Ý§ñ§Õ§Ú§ä §³§¥§£§¤, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ö§ä§î §à§ä:

  • §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ;
  • §Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú;
  • §Ó§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §ã§â§Ö§Õ§å;
  • §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §Ú §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§í;
  • §á§à§Ù§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú §ß§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §à§á§í§ä§Ñ;
  • §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§Ñ §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú.

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§£§Ù§â§à§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö

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  • §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ;
  • §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§í.

§£§à §Ó§Ù§â§à§ã§Ý§à§Þ §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö

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§±§à §Þ§Ö§â§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Ô§à §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ §ä§â§Ö§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ, §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §ã §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Û §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §ï§ä§Ú§Þ. §¬§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §à§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ú §á§Ý§à§ç§à §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î. §±§â§Ú §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ö§Û §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ö §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ä§î. §µ§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §ß§Ñ §ï§ä§å §ä§Ö§Þ§å §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö §à §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ö §Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§Ö.

?§®§ß§Ö §Ó§é§Ö§â§Ñ §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ó§â§Ñ§é... §Ú §à§ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ §ß§Ñ §á§à§Õ§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §³§Ö§Û§é§Ñ§ã §ñ §á§í§ä§Ñ§ð§ã§î §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð §á§à §ï§ä§à§Þ§å §á§à§Ó§à§Õ§å. §®§ß§Ö 38 §Ý§Ö§ä, §Ú §Ù§Ñ §Ó§ã§ð §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î §ß§Ú§Ü§ä§à §à§Ò §ï§ä§à§Þ §Þ§ß§Ö §ß§Ö §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§Ý. §¥§à §ã§Ú§ç §á§à§â §ñ §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ §Ó§í§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§Ú §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ?. §²§Ö§Û§é§Ö§Ý

§¹§ä§à §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§à§Û §³§¥§£§¤?

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  • §¶§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§í §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ä§î, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â:
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    • §Õ§Ö§æ§Ú§è§Ú§ä §á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó;
    • §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§í §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ.

§ª§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ú, §é§ä§à §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§í §Ú §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§í §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í, §á§â§Ú§Ó§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§Ö §Ü §³§¥§£§¤, §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ú §á§â§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§ç.

§±§à§Õ§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Ö§ß§í §Ý§Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Þ§å §â§Ú§ã§Ü§å §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó?

§ª§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§à, §é§ä§à §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§Ú§Û §â§Ú§ã§Ü §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ü§Ñ§Ü:

  • §ä§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î;
  • §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ;
  • §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à;

§Ù§Ý§à§å§á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú;

  • §à§Ø§Ú§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö;
  • §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§Ú§ë§Ö§Ó§à§Ô§à §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ;
  • §Ñ§Ý§Ý§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§Ú;
  • §Ñ§ã§ä§Þ§Ñ;
  • §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§ß§Ñ;
  • §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ò§Ö§ä;
  • §Ñ§å§ä§à§Ú§Þ§Þ§å§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â §Ñ§â§ä§â§Ú§ä, §á§ã§à§â§Ú§Ñ§Ù;
  • §Ô§Ú§á§Ö§â§Þ§à§Ò§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ã§å§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§à§Ó.

§¬§Ñ§Ü §Þ§ß§Ö §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§î §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §ñ §Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ð, §é§ä§à §å §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ §³§¥§£§¤?

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö, §é§ä§à §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §³§¥§£§¤, §Ú §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§ê§å §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î, §á§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö §ã§à §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §Ó§â§Ñ§é§à§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §ã§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§ã §Ü §ß§å§Ø§ß§à§Þ§å §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§å. §¹§Ñ§ë§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §ï§ä§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§Ñ §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§Ñ §ß§Ö§â§Ó§ß§à-§á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ.

§¬ §ã§à§Ø§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð, §ß§Ñ§Þ §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à, §é§ä§à §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ß§Ö §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §ß§Ñ §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§å §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ñ §³§¥§£§¤. §¿§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §ã §ß§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ü§à§Þ §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §à§Ò §³§¥§£§¤ §å §Ó§Ù§â§à§ã§Ý§í§ç §Ý§Ú§Ò§à §ã §ä§Ö§Þ, §é§ä§à §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§í§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §é§Ö§Þ-§ä§à §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ. §¬ §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§å, §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§â§å§ð§ä §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â §ä§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ý§à§å§á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó, §ç§à§ä§ñ §ï§ä§à §à§Ò§ì§ñ§ã§ß§ñ§ä §Ý§Ú§ê§î §é§Ñ§ã§ä§î §Ú§ç §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û. §£ §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §³§¥§£§¤ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ.

§¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ý§Ú§ã§ä§í §à§Ø§Ú§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §à§é§Ö§ß§î §Õ§Ý§Ú§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú, §ä. §Ö. §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §á§â§Ú§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§à§Ý§Ô§à §Ø§Õ§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§à §ä§Ö§ç §á§à§â, §á§à§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù. §´§à, §ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§â§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ø§Õ§Ñ§ä§î, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ö§ä§î §à§ä §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ô§Õ§Ö §Ó§í §Ø§Ú§Ó§Ö§ä§Ö.

§¬§Ñ§Ü §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ §³§¥§£§¤?

§£§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §Ó§í §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §à§á§â§à§ã§ß§Ú§Ü §Ú§Ý§Ú §ä§Ö§ã§ä §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§î, §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ý§Ú §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §³§¥§£§¤. §°§á§â§à§ã§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §ã §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§à§Þ §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ö, §ß§à §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§à§é§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù§Ñ §³§¥§£§¤ §á§à§ß§Ñ§Õ§à§Ò§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö:

  • §á§à§Õ§â§à§Ò§ß§í§Û §à§á§â§à§ã;
  • §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ §Ó§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú.

§¯§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä §à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§í §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §Ú §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Ò§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú (NICE) §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§Ý §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §³§¥§£§¤. §¯§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à §à§ä §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ó §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§í §Ó§í §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î, §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§Ñ §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §ã §ï§ä§Ú§Þ §â§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ.

§±§à§Õ§â§à§Ò§ß§í§Û §à§ä§é§Ö§ä §á§à §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ö §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ä§î, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§å§Þ, §Ó§ã§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §ß§Ú§Ø§Ö:

  • §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §Ü§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Ú §à§á§í§ä §Ý§Ú§è§Ñ, §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ö§Ô§à §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§å;
  • §à§Ò§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§à§Ó §³§¥§£§¤ §Ú §ä§à, §à§ä§Ó§Ö§é§Ñ§ð§ä §Ý§Ú §à§ß§Ú §Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ñ§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ü§Ú §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù§Ñ. §©§Õ§Ö§ã§î, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§à, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §Ú §à§á§â§à§ã§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ú;
  • §á§à§Ý§ß§å§ð §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§å §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Ô§à §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ;
  • §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §à §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Þ §Õ§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö, §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ú, §à§Ò§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ó §ê§Ü§à§Ý§Ö §Ú §Ó§Ñ§ê§å §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§à§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §á§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§à§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú;
  • §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ §ã §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö§Þ;
  • §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §à §Ó§Ñ§ã, §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð §à§ä §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ã §Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ§í, §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §à §ä§à§Þ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §â§Ö§Ò§Ö§ß§Ü§à§Þ §Ó§í §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §Ó §Õ§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö (§Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à).

§°§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ú §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§í§Þ §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§à§Þ

§£ §Õ§à§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô§Ñ§Þ NHS (§¯§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§Ñ §Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ó§à§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Ò§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú) §â§ñ§Õ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§í§ç §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ó §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§å §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ñ §³§¥§£§¤.

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §á§â§à§ê§Ý§Ú §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§å §Ó §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Þ §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö, §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§í §³§¥§£§¤ §å §Ó§Ù§â§à§ã§Ý§í§ç §Ó §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ö NHS §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ú§ä, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ý§Ú §Ó§Ñ§ê §à§ä§é§Ö§ä §Ó§ã§Ö §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ó§í§ê§Ö §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í, §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §ä§Ö§Þ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ú§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§ã §Ó §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§å NHS. §¿§ä§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à §ä§à§Û §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ö, §é§ä§à §Ý§Ú§è§Ñ, §Ó§í§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í §á§â§Ú §³§¥§£§¤, §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §å§Ò§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §å §ß§Ú§ç §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ó§ã§ñ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§à§Ó §á§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð.

§±§à §ï§ä§à§Û §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ö §Õ§à §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§à§Û§ä§Ú §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§å §Ñ§Ý§î§ä§Ö§â§ß§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ó§Ñ§Û§Õ§Ö§â§Ñ, §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §å§Ò§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ, §é§ä§à §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§í §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à§Û §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§à§Û NHS.

§¹§ä§à §ã§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ñ §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ð, §é§ä§à §å §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ §³§¥§£§¤?

§±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ü§Ú §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù§Ñ §³§¥§£§¤, §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§à§ß§Ñ§Õ§à§Ò§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §Ñ§Õ§Ñ§á§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú. §£§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§Ú, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ:

  • §°§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ô§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§ä §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à §Ó§í §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ý§Ú §à§Ò§ì§ñ§ã§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ê§Ú§ç §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û §Ú §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú, §é§ä§à §Ó§í §ß§Ö §à§Õ§Ú§ß§à§Ü§Ú. §¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à §à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ô§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §à§ä §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à §ä§Ö§á§Ö§â§î §Ó§í §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö, §é§ä§à §Ó§í §ß§Ö ?§Ý§Ö§ß§ä§ñ§Û?, ?§Ò§Ö§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§î§ß§í§Û? §Ú§Ý§Ú ?§ß§Ö§â§ñ§ç§Ñ?, §Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §à§ä §ñ§â§Ý§í§Ü§à§Ó, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§ã §ß§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Þ.
  • §¥§à§ã§Ñ§Õ§å §à§ä §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ö §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ú §ß§Ö §Ý§Ö§é§Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§ß§î§ê§Ö. §´§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ù§Ý§à§ã§ä§î §á§à §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ü §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §â§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ§Þ, §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ó§à§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ß§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§å §â§Ñ§ß§î§ê§Ö.
  • §¤§â§å§ã§ä§î §Ú§Ù-§Ù§Ñ §å§á§å§ë§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û §Ú §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §³§¥§£§¤ §Ò§Ö§Ù §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§ê§å §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î §Ú §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ú§ç §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ü§Ú§ç.

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §³§¥§£§¤, §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§Û §é§Ñ§ã§ä§î§ð §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ó§í §Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ. §¯§Ñ§Û§ä§Ú §Ò§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ß§ã §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ß§Ö§á§â§à§ã§ä§à:

  • §Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §Ó§à §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à§Þ §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §á§à§Õ §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §³§¥§£§¤;
  • §ß§Ö §Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §³§¥§£§¤ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ã§Ñ§Þ§å§ð §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§å§ð §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ó §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö.

§£ §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §Ò§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ß§ã§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ, §à§â§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §ß§Ñ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä, §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §Ó §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ú §é§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §à§ß§Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ö §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§í§Þ§Ú.

?§³§Ö§Û§é§Ñ§ã §å §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§Ý§Ú. §·§à§ä§Ö§Ý§à§ã§î §Ò§í, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §ß§Ñ §ï§ä§à §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§ß§î§ê§Ö. §Á §á§à§Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §à§Ò §ï§ä§à§Þ §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ä§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §å§ã§Ý§í§ê§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§ä§à§Þ §à§á§í§ä§Ö, §Ñ §ß§Ö §à §ã§ä§Ú§Ô§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Þ §ã§ä§Ö§â§Ö§à§ä§Ú§á§Ö?,¡ª §²§Ö§Û§é§Ö§Ý

§±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ü§Ú §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù§Ñ

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß §³§¥§£§¤, §Ý§Ú§è§à, §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§Ó§ê§Ö§Ö §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§å, §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à §á§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §ã §Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §à §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Þ:

  • §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §³§¥§£§¤ §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§ã;
  • §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ú §è§Ö§Ý§Ú;
  • §ä§à, §é§ä§à §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ý§à §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ó §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Þ;
  • §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ú§ç §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§ç §Ú §à §ä§à§Þ, §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ý§Ú §à§ß§Ú §á§à§Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §³§¥§£§¤.

§¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ó§Ñ§ã §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §Ü §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü§å §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î.

§¥§à §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ

§¥§à §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ý§Ú§è§à, §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§Ó§ê§Ö§Ö §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§å, §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à §á§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §ã §Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §à §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Þ:

  • §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í §Õ§à§Þ§Ñ, §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö §Ú §Ó §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú;
  • §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§Ö §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î;
  • §á§â§Ö§Ú§Þ§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §á§à§Ò§à§é§ß§í§Ö §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§í §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ;
  • §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§à§é§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú;
  • §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §à§á§Ñ§ã§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.

§¬§Ñ§Ü§å§ð §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å §ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§î, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §å §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ §³§¥§£§¤?

§°§é§Ö§ß§î §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §â§ñ§Õ§à§Þ §ã §Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ð§ä, §é§ä§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §³§¥§£§¤, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ó§í §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Ó §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ö, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ú§ç §Ý§å§é§ê§Ú§ç §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó. §¿§ä§à §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ§ß§í§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ §á§à §ï§â§Ô§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§Ú §Ó §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§Þ§Ñ§ê§ß§Ö§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§â§ñ§Õ§Ü§Ñ.

§¯§Ú§Ø§Ö §Þ§í §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ú§Þ §ï§ä§Ú §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í §á§à§Õ§â§à§Ò§ß§Ö§Ö, §ß§à §á§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§Ö, §é§ä§à §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î §à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ú§Ù §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§ç §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §á§â§Ú §³§¥§£§¤.

§£§Ñ§Ø§ß§à §á§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§î, §é§ä§à §ß§Ö§ä §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§Ý§à §Ò§í §å§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ó§ã§Ö §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §³§¥§£§¤. §¹§Ú§ä§Ñ§ñ §ï§ä§å §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð, §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ã§ä§à§Ú§ä §á§à§Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ä§î, §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ð§ä §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §Ñ§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§í §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú.

?§¯§Ö§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§ñ §ß§Ñ §ä§à, §é§ä§à §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ, §Ú§Þ§Ö§ñ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å, §ñ §ã§å§Þ§Ö§Ý §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §à §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §ã§Ü§Ý§à§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§à§Ý§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §á§à§Ô§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §Ý§ð§Ò§Ú§Þ§à§Ö §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö, §Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ï§ä§à §Ó §Ü§à§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §è§Ö§Ý§ñ§ç?, ¡ª §¥§Ø§Ö§Û§Þ§ã

§±§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §³§¥§£§¤

§¤§â§å§á§á§í §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú

§¤§â§å§á§á§í §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§ß§í§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§Õ§à§â§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ú, §ß§Ñ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §ã§Ý§å§ê§Ñ§ð§ä §Õ§â§å§Ô §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ñ §Ú §Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §à§á§í§ä§à§Þ, §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §á§à§Õ§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §¿§ä§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú. §¤§â§å§á§á§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ý§Ú§é§ß§à. §¯§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö §Ú §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ô§â§å§á§á §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ö§ä§î §à§ä §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ô§Õ§Ö §Ó§í §Ø§Ú§Ó§Ö§ä§Ö.

§ª§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß

§µ§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§à; §Ó §ã§Ö§ä§Ú §ª§ß§ä§Ö§â§ß§Ö§ä §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§à §à§Ô§â§à§Þ§ß§à§Ö §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §à§Ò §³§¥§£§¤. §£§Ñ§Ø§ß§à §á§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§î, §é§ä§à §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§Þ. §¬ §ã§à§Ø§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð, §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ß§Ö§ä§à§é§ß§à§Û, §Ó§Ó§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ö§Û §Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ò§Ý§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§Û. §£ §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§Ñ §Þ§í §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ö§Þ §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§í§ç §ã§Ñ§Û§ä§à§Ó.

§¿§â§Ô§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ

§¿§â§Ô§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä§í §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ä§î §ã §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú §ã §³§¥§£§¤, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ú§Þ §Ó §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Þ:

  • §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ú §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ;
  • §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ó§í§Ü§à§Ó §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Û §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú;
  • §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ñ §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§à§Ó-§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§Ü§à§Ó, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§ä§î §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§ß§í§Ö §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú;
  • §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ú§ã§è§Ú§á§Ý§Ú§ß§í, §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §á§â§Ú§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û, §ß§Ö§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§ñ §ß§Ñ §à§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§í, §Ú §Ó §ä§à §Ø§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ô§Ú§Ò§Ü§à §â§Ö§Ñ§Ô§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.

§¸§Ö§Ý§î §ï§â§Ô§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§Ú ¡ª §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Þ§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§í§Û §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§Ö §Ó §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§Û §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.

§£§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §Ó§í §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§Ö §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§ß§å§ð §ï§â§Ô§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ð §à§ä NHS §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§í. §¿§ä§à §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§ä §à§ä §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú. §£§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ú§ä§î §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü §á§Ý§Ñ§ä§ß§à§Þ§å §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§Þ§å §ï§â§Ô§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä§å. §µ §Ü§à§â§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§Õ§Ø§Ñ §ï§â§Ô§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä§à§Ó (Royal College of Occupational Therapists) §Ö§ã§ä§î §ã§á§Ú§ã§à§Ü .

?§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ò§í §ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ý, §é§ä§à §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ð§ä §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à §é§Ö§Ô§à, §ß§à §ß§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§ß§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä¡­ §ï§ä§à §ä§à§é§ß§à §á§â§à §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ. §ª §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ò§í §ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ý, §é§ä§à §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ§å §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§à§Û §³§¥§£§¤, §ñ §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ý §Ò§í §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§å§ð §à§ã§ä§à§â§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ó §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú§Þ§á§å§Ý§î§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §ß§Ö§à§Ò§Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §á§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ü§à§Ó?, ¡ª  §·§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Õ

§´§â§å§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö

§²§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ñ§Õ§Ñ§á§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ

§£ §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §ã §©§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ §à §â§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ç §Ú §ß§Ö§Õ§à§á§å§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§â§Ú§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú 2010 §Ô. §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú, §Ü§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§Õ§Ø§Ú §Ú §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î ?§â§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ§ß§å§ð §Ñ§Õ§Ñ§á§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ð? §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ã §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ë§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Þ§Ú §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ß§Ö §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Ó §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §ß§Ö§Ó§í§Ô§à§Õ§ß§à§Þ §á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú. §¬ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ë§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Þ §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ §à§ä§ß§à§ã§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ü §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ú §³§¥§£§¤. §±§à§Õ§â§à§Ò§ß§Ö§Ö §à§Ò §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§ñ§ç §Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§à§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ .

§²§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ñ§Õ§Ñ§á§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§Ú§è§Ñ, §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §³§¥§£§¤, §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ö§ä§î §à§ä §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Ó:

  • §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ;
  • §è§Ö§Ý§Ö§ã§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§ã§ä§î;
  • §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§â §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú;
  • §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó §Ú §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§à§Ó;
  • §ã§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ý§Ú §Ñ§Õ§Ñ§á§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §å§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ö§Ó§í§Ô§à§Õ§ß§à§Ö §á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§ã§ñ.

§¬ §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ §â§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ§ß§à§Û §Ñ§Õ§Ñ§á§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §à§ä§ß§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö:

  • §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ö§Ô§à §ã§ä§à§Ý§Ñ §Ó §ä§Ú§ç§à§Þ §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §Ó §à§æ§Ú§ã§Ö;
  • §Ú §á§Ú§ã§î§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö, §Ú §å§ã§ä§ß§í§Ö §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§è§Ú§Ú;
  • §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à;
  • §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î §Ó §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é.

§¡§ã§ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò §á§à §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§í§á§å§ã§Ü§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó (Association of Graduate Careers Advisory Service) §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä .

?§¥§à§ã§ä§å§á §Ü §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö?

?§¥§à§ã§ä§å§á §Ü §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö? (Access to Work) ¡ª §ï§ä§à §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ, §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ñ §®§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§â§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §ä§â§å§Õ§Ñ §Ú §á§Ö§ß§ã§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ó §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ñ§ç §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §ã §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§ñ§Þ§Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ú §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§ñ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ñ. §£ §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ä§â§å§Õ§à§å§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú, §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§í§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §ä§Ö, §Ü§ä§à §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §á§à§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ§ç §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í.

§±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ä§Ö§Þ, §Ü§à§Þ§å §ß§å§Ø§ß§Ñ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ñ§Õ§Ñ§á§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §ã§Ó§Ö§â§ç ?§â§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ§ß§à§Û §Ñ§Õ§Ñ§á§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú?, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§å§ð §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§í §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §á§à §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§å. §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, ?§¥§à§ã§ä§å§á §Ü §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö? §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó §à§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§Ö §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ §á§à §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§à§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. 

§±§à§Õ§â§à§Ò§ß§Ö§Ö §à §Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ñ§ç §Ú §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ö §á§à§Õ§Ñ§é§Ú §Ù§Ñ§ñ§Ó§Ü§Ú §ã§Þ. §ß§Ñ .

§±§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§Ú

§¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ó§Ú§Õ§í §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §³§¥§£§¤. §¬ §ß§Ú§Þ §à§ä§ß§à§ã§ñ§ä§ã§ñ:

§±§à§Õ§â§à§Ò§ß§Ö§Ö §à §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §á§â§Ú §³§¥§£§¤, §ã§Þ. §ß§Ñ .

§£§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §á§à§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä§Ñ §å§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§ä§Ö, §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ý§Ú §à§ß §à§Ò §³§¥§£§¤ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó §Ý§Ú §á§â§à§Û§ä§Ú §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §à§Ò§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §¿§ä§à §á§à§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§î §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Û §á§à§Ù§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Û §å§ç§à§Õ. §¿§ä§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ú §á§à §ä§à§Û §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ö, §é§ä§à §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã §³§¥§£§¤, §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§ê§å §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ð. §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ù§Ñ§Ò§í§Ó§é§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§î §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Ü §ä§à§Þ§å, §é§ä§à §Ó§í §á§â§à§á§å§ã§ä§Ú§ä§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§á§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ, §Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§à §Ó§ß§Ö§å§â§à§é§ß§à§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ.

§¯§Ñ§Û§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ø§Ñ§Û§ê§å§ð §Ü §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§å §â§Ñ§Ù§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ß§à§Û §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§Ú §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §ß§Ñ .

§¬§à§Ô§ß§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à-§á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ (§¬§±§´)

§¬§±§´ ¡ª §ï§ä§à §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§í§ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ö§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§í§Ö §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú §Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ú§ç §á§â§Ö§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §³§¥§£§¤, §¬§±§´ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ó §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Þ:

  • §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ó§í§Ü§Ú §Ú §ß§Ñ§Ó§í§Ü§Ú §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Û §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú;
  • §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§î;
  • §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §ï§Þ§á§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ú §Ú §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ù§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û;
  • §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§Þ§á§å§Ý§î§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð. 

§±§â§Ú §³§¥§£§¤ §¬§±§´ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ñ §Ó §ã§à§é§Ö§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §ã §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ù§ß§à§Û §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§Ö§Û.

§¯§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú §Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§â§ã§ä§Ó§à

§¯§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ú §Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§â§í §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ú §ß§Ñ§Ó§í§Ü§à§Ó §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§à§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú, §Ú §Ó§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ó §ã§â§Ö§Õ§å. §¦§ã§ä§î §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §ã §³§¥§£§¤.

§´§Ö§Þ §ß§Ö §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ö, §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à §á§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§î, §é§ä§à §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ú §Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§â§í ¡ª §ï§ä§à §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §ã §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§Ú§â§å§Ö§Þ§í§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§å§ã§à§Þ, §ß§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ß§à§â§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§Ó§í§ç §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ñ§â§ä§à§Ó. §µ§ã§Ý§å§Ô§Ú §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Ú §Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§â§à§Ó §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §á§à §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å §Ú §Ü§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú.  §£ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú ?§³§¥§£§¤ §Ó §¦§Ó§â§à§á§Ö? (ADHD Europe) §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§î , §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ó§í§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ.

§®§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ñ §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §Ó§ß§Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §ã§â§Ö§Õ§å, §ß§à §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ý§à §â§Ö§ê§Ú§ä§î §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§å, §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§à§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ñ §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ.

§±§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§à§Þ §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ù§ß§à§Û §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§Ú §Ó§Ñ§ê §Ó§â§Ñ§é §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ú§ä§î §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Ô§à §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ú §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ. §£§Ñ§Þ §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î §à §â§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ§ç, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§à§Þ §ã§ä§Ú§Þ§å§Ý§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§à§Ó, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §à§ä§ã§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ý§ð§Ò§í§Ö §á§à§Ò§à§é§ß§í§Ö §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§í. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä, §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ð §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö §â§Ö§Ø§Ö §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §Ó §Ô§à§Õ.

§¥§Ý§ñ §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §³§¥§£§¤ §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ä §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§à§Ó, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ó§Ö §Ô§â§å§á§á§í:

§³§ä§Ú§Þ§å§Ý§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í:

  • §Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§Ý§æ§Ö§ß§Ú§Õ§Ñ§ä;
  • §Õ§Ö§Ü§ã§Ñ§Þ§æ§Ö§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú§ß.

§³§ä§Ú§Þ§å§Ý§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ñ§ð§ä §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ß§Ö§Û§â§à§Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ñ§ä§à§â§à§Ó §Õ§à§æ§Ñ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ §Ú §ß§à§â§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ß§Ñ §Ó §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ü§Ñ§ç §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §ª§Þ§Ö§ð§ä§ã§ñ §å§Ò§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ó §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ñ §ã§ä§Ú§Þ§å§Ý§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§à§Ó §á§â§Ú §³§¥§£§¤, §Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í, §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§í §Ú §ç§à§â§à§ê§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§ß§à§ã§ñ§ä§ã§ñ. §¬§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§à, §Ó§í §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§à §á§à§Û§Þ§Ö§ä§Ö, §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §à§ß§Ú §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§ä.

§¥§à§Ù§å §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§à§Ó §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §å§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§ß§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§Ò§à§é§ß§í§Ö §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§í §Ú §ß§Ñ§Û§ä§Ú §à§á§ä§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§Ñ§ã §Õ§à§Ù§å. §¢§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §à§ä§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§ð§ä §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§ß§í§Û §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä §å§Ø§Ö §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ô§à §à§á§â§à§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§Ñ. §µ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ý§å§é§ê§Ú§ç §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§à§Ó §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§Ñ.

§®§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§à§Þ, §á§à§é§Ö§Þ§å §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ô§Ú§á§Ö§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ú§Þ§å§Ý§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í. §¿§ä§Ú §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í §å§Ü§â§Ö§á§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §ä§å §é§Ñ§ã§ä§î §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ, §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Ô§Ú§á§Ö§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î. 

§±§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í, §ß§Ö §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§Ú§Þ§å§Ý§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ:

  • §Ñ§ä§à§Þ§à§Ü§ã§Ö§ä§Ú§ß;
  • §Ô§å§Ñ§ß§æ§Ñ§è§Ú§ß.

§±§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í, §ß§Ö §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§Ú§Þ§å§Ý§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ, §å§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î §ß§à§â§Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ß§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§Þ§Ú§ä§Ú§â§å§ð§ä §Ö§Ô§à §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä. §¬§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§à, §à§ß§Ú §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ð§ä §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§Ù§Ø§Ö, §é§Ö§Þ §ã§ä§Ú§Þ§å§Ý§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í. §´§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í §ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §ã§ä§Ú§Þ§å§Ý§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §Ú§Ý§Ú §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §á§Ý§à§ç§Ñ§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§ß§à§ã§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î.

§®§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ã §³§¥§£§¤, §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í, §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ð§ä §Ú§ç §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú, §ß§à §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§à§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ð§ä §Ú§ç §ß§Ö §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î. §£§ã§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §á§à§Ò§à§é§ß§í§Ö §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§í, §Ú §å §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §à§ß§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§ß§í, §é§Ö§Þ §å §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç.

§±§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í §ß§Ö §á§à §â§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§å

§¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §á§à§Ü§å§á§Ñ§ð§ä §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §³§¥§£§¤ §Ò§Ö§Ù §â§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§Ñ. §¿§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §ã §ä§Ö§Þ, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ú §á§à§Õ§à§Ù§â§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §³§¥§£§¤, §ß§à §ß§Ö §ç§à§ä§ñ§ä §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§â§à§Û§ä§Ú §à§Ò§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö. §¬ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ñ §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §³§¥§£§¤ §Ò§Ö§Ù §â§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§Ñ §à§ä§ß§à§ã§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö:

  • §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û;
  • §Ó§Ö§é§Ö§â§Ú§ß§Ü§Ú §Ú §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ;
  • §á§à§ç§å§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö.

§±§â§Ú§à§Ò§â§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §³§¥§£§¤ §à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù §â§Ö§è§Ö§á§ä§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§í§Þ, §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å:

  • §Ó§í §ß§Ö §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§Ö §ä§à§ä §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú;
  • §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §ß§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §ã§à §ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§í §Ó§â§Ñ§é§Ñ, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§î, §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§Ö§ß §Ý§Ú §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä, §Ú §é§ä§à§Ò§í §à§Ò§ì§ñ§ã§ß§Ú§ä§î, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à §Ö§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î;
  • §Ù§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ß§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.

§¯§Ö§ä §å§Ò§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Õ§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §³§¥§£§¤ §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ò§Ö§Ù §³§¥§£§¤.

?§¦§ã§ä§î §ã§Ñ§Û§ä§í §é§Ö§â§ß§à§Ô§à §â§í§ß§Ü§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §á§â§à§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í, §ß§à §à§ß§Ú §ß§Ö §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§Ú§â§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ, §Ú §Ó§í §ß§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö, §é§ä§à §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§â§à§Õ§Ñ§Õ§å§ä; §ï§ä§à §à§é§Ö§ß§î §â§Ú§ã§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à?, ¡ª §¥§Ø§Ö§Û§Þ§ã

§¹§ä§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ?

§­§ð§Õ§Ú §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§î §â§ñ§Õ §Þ§Ö§â §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Ô§à §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §Ú §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ñ §Ó §è§Ö§Ý§à§Þ.

1. §²§Ñ§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ, §é§Ö§Þ §à§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î

§¬§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ú §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Þ §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö, §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §ç§à§ä§ñ§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î, §ß§à §ß§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§ð§ä, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ï§ä§à §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î, §Ó§ã§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§ß§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §²§Ñ§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §Ó §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Þ §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú, §é§ä§à §Ó§í §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ, §Ñ §é§ä§à §ß§Ö§ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ.

2. §³§ä§Ñ§â§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §å§á§â§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú

§²§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§í§Ö §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §å§á§â§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§í §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ. §¢§í§Ý§à §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§à, §é§ä§à §å §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §à§ß§Ú §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §ã§ß§Ú§Ø§Ñ§ð§ä §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §ä§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §å§ã§å§Ô§å§Ò§Ú§ä§î §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §³§¥§£§¤. §¯§Ö §Õ§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à, §é§ä§à §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §å§á§â§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §Ô§Ú§á§Ö§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ú§Þ§á§å§Ý§î§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.

3. §³§à§ß §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §Ò§í§ä§î §á§à§Ý§ß§à§è§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §Ú §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ

§¯§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§à§Ö §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §ã§ß§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §å§ã§å§Ô§å§Ò§Ú§ä§î §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §³§¥§£§¤. §£§í§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ó§í§é§Ü§Ú §ã§ß§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ß§Ö§á§â§à§ã§ä§à, §ß§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §á§à§á§â§à§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö:

  • §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Ú §á§â§Ú§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §á§â§Ú§Ó§í§é§ß§à§Ô§à §Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §ã§ß§à§Þ, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö §Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§à§ã§Ý§å§ê§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§å;
  • §Ý§à§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §ã§á§Ñ§ä§î §Ú §Ó§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Ó §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú §ä§à §Ø§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í§Û §Õ§Ö§ß§î, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §Ó§í§ç§à§Õ§ß§í§Ö;
  • §ß§Ö §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §å§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§å§Þ §Ù§Ñ §é§Ñ§ã §Õ§à §ã§ß§Ñ;
  • §ß§Ö §å§á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§ñ§Û§ä§Ö §ã§Ñ§ç§Ñ§â, §Ü§à§æ§Ö§Ú§ß §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ñ§Ý§Ü§à§Ô§à§Ý§î §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§å§Þ §Ù§Ñ §á§Ñ§â§å §é§Ñ§ã§à§Ó §Õ§à §ã§ß§Ñ;
  • §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§à §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §å§á§â§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§ß§ñ;
  • §Ó §ã§á§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ö §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à §Ò§í§ä§î §ä§Ö§Þ§ß§à §Ú §ä§Ú§ç§à. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö, §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§î§ä§Ö §à§ä§Ü§â§í§ä§í§Þ §à§Ü§ß§à §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§Ú§ä§à§Ü§Ñ §ã§Ó§Ö§Ø§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§å§ç§Ñ.

4. §³§ä§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à §Ú §ã§Ò§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à

§¬§â§å§á§ß§à§Ö §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§à, §é§ä§à §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§î §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ß§Ö§Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §ß§Ö§Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§í§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ó§í§é§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó §á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §å§á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§à§Ó §ã §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§Ú§Þ §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §ã§Ñ§ç§Ñ§â§Ñ. §¯§Ö§Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§à§Ö §á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ö §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö §Ú, §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §é§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Ü §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ §Ó §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §³§¥§£§¤.

5. §µ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§ß§í§Þ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ

§±§à §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§å §Ó§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §å§Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Þ§Ú§ä§î §¡§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§ã§ä§Ó§à §á§à §Ý§Ú§è§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §Ú §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§ß§í§ç §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó (Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency, DVLA) §à §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§ß§í§Þ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ.

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §ß§Ö §å§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§í, §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§Ö§ä §Ý§Ú §³§¥§£§¤ §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §³§¥§£§¤ §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§ê§å §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§ß§í§Þ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ, §á§â§à§Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ú§â§å§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §ã §Ó§â§Ñ§é§à§Þ. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §³§¥§£§¤ §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§ê§å §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§ß§í§Þ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ, §ß§à §Ó§í §ß§Ö §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ú§Ý§Ú §à§Ò §ï§ä§à§Þ DVLA, §Ó§Ñ§ã §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §à§ê§ä§â§Ñ§æ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §ã§å§Þ§Þ§å §Õ§à 1000 §æ§å§ß§ä§à§Ó §ã§ä§Ö§â§Ý§Ú§ß§Ô§à§Ó. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §á§à§á§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ó §¥§´§±, §Ó§Ñ§ã §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§î §Ü §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.

§±§à§Õ§â§à§Ò§ß§Ö§Ö §à§Ò §ï§ä§à§Þ §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î .

§¬§Ñ§Ü §Þ§ß§Ö §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ§à§Ô§à §ã §³§¥§£§¤?

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ§í§Ö §ã §³§¥§£§¤, §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§î §â§ñ§Õ §Þ§Ö§â, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ô§é§Ú§ä§î §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î §Ú§Þ §Ú §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö.

1. §µ§Ù§ß§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §ã §³§¥§£§¤, §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä, §é§ä§à §Ó§í §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §³§¥§£§¤. §¢§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§î §³§¥§£§¤. §¿§ä§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ä §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§å, §é§ä§à §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö §â§Ñ§Ó§ß§à.

?§²§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ó§í§Þ§Ñ§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ú §Ó§í§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ú§Ù §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §á§à §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §â§Ñ§Ù §Ó §Õ§Ö§ß§î. §°§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§Ñ§Ô§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§ã§Ö §Ñ§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§í §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú, §Ú §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à§Ö §Ú§Ù §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §ã§Ü§â§í§ä§à, §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §ß§Ñ§Ô§â§å§Ù§Ü§å, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §Ý§à§Ø§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §á§Ý§Ö§é§Ú §Ø§Ö§ß§ë§Ú§ß, §ã§à§Ó§Þ§Ö§ë§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Õ§à§Þ, §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§å, §ã§Ö§Þ§î§ð. §­§ð§Õ§Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §ß§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö?, ¡ª §®§Ñ§â§Ô§Ñ§â§Ö§ä

2. §£§ã§ä§å§á§Ú§ä§Ö §Ó §Ô§â§å§á§á§å §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú

§¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ô§â§å§á§á§í §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§ñ§ä §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ô§â§å§á§á§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§Ñ§â§ä§ß§Ö§â§à§Ó §Ú §ã§å§á§â§å§Ô§à§Ó §Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ö§ê§Ñ§ð§ä §Ú§Þ §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§à §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ñ§ç §Ô§â§å§á§á §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §³§¥§£§¤. §±§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §ä§Ö§Þ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ú§Û§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§å, §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §å§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§ä§Ö §ï§ä§à§ä §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §å §Ô§â§å§á§á§í. §¬§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§à, §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §à §Ô§â§å§á§á§Ö §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §ß§Ñ§Û§ä§Ú §à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß.

3. §±§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö §ã §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§à§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö

§³§á§â§à§ã§Ú§ä§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ§à§Ô§à, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ý§Ú §Ó§í §é§Ö§Þ-§ß§Ú§Ò§å§Õ§î §á§à§Þ§à§é§î. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §à§ß §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§î §ã§â§Ñ§Ù§å, §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö, §é§ä§à §Ó§í §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§í §Ó§í§ã§Ý§å§ê§Ñ§ä§î §Ö§Ô§à §Ó §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Þ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ö§Þ§å §á§à§ß§Ñ§Õ§à§Ò§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §ã §Ü§Ö§Þ-§ß§Ú§Ò§å§Õ§î.

4. §¢§å§Õ§î§ä§Ö §à§ã§Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§í §à §ã§ä§Ú§Ô§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú

§³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §à§ê§Ú§Ò§à§é§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §à §³§¥§£§¤ §Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§ç, §å §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §à§ß §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ. §£§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§é§î, §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ó §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ §à §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §³§¥§£§¤.

5. §µ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Õ§à§ã§Ñ§Õ§à§Û

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ§à§Ô§à §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§ã §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§Ñ§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§Ô§à§â§é§Ñ§Ö§ä, §à§Ò§ã§å§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §ã§Ó§à§Ú §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ã §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§à§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ§å §Ó§í §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§â§ñ§Ö§ä§Ö. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §ç§à§ä§Ú§ä§Ö §á§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §à §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç-§ä§à §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ç, §á§à§á§í§ä§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §é§Ö§ä§Ü§à §à§Ò§ì§ñ§ã§ß§Ú§ä§î, §Ó §é§Ö§Þ §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ §Ú §é§ä§à, §á§à §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Þ§å §Þ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ð, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î. §£§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §Ó§í §à§Ò§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §é§ä§à-§ä§à, §é§ä§à §á§à§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §â§Ö§ê§Ú§ä§î §ï§ä§å §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§å.

?§ª§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Þ§í §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§Þ §à§Ò §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§ñ§ç, §Þ§í §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ö§Þ, §é§ä§à §Ú§ç §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à §Ò§í§ä§î §Ó§Ú§Õ§ß§à. §¡ §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §³§¥§£§¤, §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§ß§à, §Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §á§â§à§ã§ä§à §ã§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §ï§ä§à §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§ê §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â?, ¡ª §·§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Õ

§¥§à§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ñ

§²§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§Ñ §à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§í §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §Ú §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Ò§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú (NICE) §á§à §³§¥§£§¤

§£ §â§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §à§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ú §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §³§¥§£§¤ §å §Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Û, §á§à§Õ§â§à§ã§ä§Ü§à§Ó §Ú §Ó§Ù§â§à§ã§Ý§í§ç. §²§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§à §ß§Ñ §ä§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ú§ä§î §Ó§í§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§å, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§à§Ó§í§ã§Ú§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §å§ç§à§Õ§Ñ §Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §Ý§Ú§è§Ñ§Þ §ã §³§¥§£§¤.

  •  ¡ª §ª§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§Ö§Ô§à §à§Ø§Ú§Õ§Ñ§ä§î, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß §³§¥§£§¤.
  •  ¡ª §±§à§Ý§ß§à§Ö §Ü§Ý§Ú§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §â§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à §á§à §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ú §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö §³§¥§£§¤.

§ª§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §à§Ò §³§¥§£§¤

  •  ¡ª §ª§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §à§ä NHS §à§Ò §³§¥§£§¤, §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö §Ú §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú.
  •  ¡ª §ª§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §à§ä §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§ä§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ ?Mind? §à§Ò §³§¥§£§¤ §Ú §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö.
  •  ¡ª GOV.UK (www.gov.uk) ¡ª §ª§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §à§ä §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §à§Ò §³§¥§£§¤ §Ú §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§ß§í§Þ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ.
  •  ¡ª §¬§à§Ñ§Ý§Ú§è§Ú§ñ §³§¥§£§¤ §º§à§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§Ú §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Ó §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §Ý§Ú§è §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö.

§¢§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§ä§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §³§¥§£§¤

§¯§Ú§Ø§Ö §Þ§í §á§â§Ú§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§Þ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §á§à §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§ä§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ð§ä §ã §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §ß§Ú§ç:

  •  ¡ª §¢§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§ä§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §Ó§à§Ý§à§ß§ä§Ö§â§í, §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ú§Ù §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ã§ä§à§Ý§Ü§ß§å§Ý§Ú§ã§î §ã §³§¥§£§¤, §Ú §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Ú §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú.
  •  ¡ª §¢§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§ä§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ú §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú.
  •  ¡ª §¢§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§ä§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å §Ó§Ù§â§à§ã§Ý§í§Þ §Ú §Õ§Ö§ä§ñ§Þ §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §Ó §º§à§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§Ú, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ú§ç §â§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ§Þ, §à§á§Ö§Ü§å§ß§Ñ§Þ §Ú §ã§Ö§Þ§î§ñ§Þ.

§¤§â§å§á§á§í §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú

  •  ¡ª ADHD UK §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§å§Ö§ä §Ô§â§å§á§á§í §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú, §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ý§Ö§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §à§Ò§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §æ§à§â§Þ§Ö §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó §Ú §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§à§Ó.
  •  ¡ª ADHD Aware §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§å§Ö§ä §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ú §Ô§â§å§á§á §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§ß§à§Û §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §´§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ô§â§å§á§á§í §á§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §³§¥§£§¤, §Ú§ç §Õ§â§å§Ù§Ö§Û §Ú §é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Ó §ã§Ö§Þ§î§Ú.

§ª§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §à §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ú

  •  ¡ª §ª§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §à§ä NHS §à §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§à§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§Ö §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú.
  •  ¡ª §ª§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §à§ä NHS §à§Ò §à§ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.
  •  ¡ª §ª§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §à§ä NHS §à §ã§ß§Ö §Ú §å§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§ä§Ú.

§¢§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§ß§à§ã§ä§î

§¿§ä§Ñ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ñ §â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ü§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Û §Ü§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ú§Ö§Û §á§à §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ð §ã §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §¬§à§â§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§Õ§Ø§Ñ §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§Ñ§ä§â§à§Ó (PEEB). §°§ß§Ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§ä§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Õ§à§ã§ä§à§Ó§Ö§â§ß§í§ç §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç, §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §ß§Ñ§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§à§Ü§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ.

§¬§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ß§ä§í: §Õ§à§Ü§ä§à§â §¥§Ú§ä§Þ§Ñ§â §·§Ñ§ß§Ü §Ú §Õ§à§Ü§ä§à§â §¬§Ö§Û§ä §¶§â§Ñ§ß§Ü§Ý§Ú§ß

§¢§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§Ú§Þ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ã§ä§à§Ý§Ü§ß§å§Ý§Ú§ã§î §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §Ú §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ý§Ú §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ö §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§Ñ, §Ú §Ý§ð§Ò§Ö§Ù§ß§à §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§ã§î §á§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §à§á§í§ä§à§Þ §Ó §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö §è§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä.

§°§ã§à§Ò§Ñ§ñ §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§ß§à§ã§ä§î §³§î§ð§Ù§Ñ§ß §¥§Ñ§ß§ß §®§à§â§å§Ñ, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ú§è§Ö §Ú §Ü§à§à§â§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ä§à§â§å §Ô§â§å§á§á§í §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §Ó§Ù§â§à§ã§Ý§í§ç §ã §³§¥§£§¤ §Ó §¢§â§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ý§Ö.

§±§à§Ý§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§å.

This translation was produced by CLEAR Global (Oct 2023)

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