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Bipolar disorder

Below is a Russian translation of our information resource on bipolar disorder. You can also read our other Russian translations.

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  • §±§à§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú ?§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ö? ¨C §£§í §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §á§à§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð §Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §à§ä§é§Ñ§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö.
  • §±§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö ¨C §£§í §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ü§â§Ñ§Û§ß§Ö §ã§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ý§Ú§Ó§í§Þ, §Ó§à§à§Õ§å§ê§Ö§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §à§é§Ö§ß§î §Ô§Ú§á§Ö§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ. §µ §£§Ñ§ã §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ã§æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §à§é§Ö§ß§î §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§à§Ù§ß§í§Ö, §Ò§â§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ú§Õ§Ö§Ú §à §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §Ú §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§ñ§ç.
  • §¤§Ú§á§à§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ ¨C §£§Ñ§ê§Ö §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§à, §ß§à §ß§Ö §Õ§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ú §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú
  • §³§Þ§Ö§ê§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö ¨C §å §£§Ñ§ã §ã§Þ§Ö§ã§î §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §£§í §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §à§é§Ö§ß§î §á§à§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ, §ß§à §á§â§Ú §ï§ä§à§Þ §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú §Ô§Ú§á§Ö§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §ã§Ó§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú.

§¢§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §á§à§Õ§â§à§Ò§ß§à §ï§ä§Ú §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§í §ß§Ú§Ø§Ö.

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§±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§ß§à §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í§Û 50-§Û §Ó§Ù§â§à§ã§Ý§í§Û §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §Ó §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Û-§ä§à §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§í§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ. §°§Ò§í§é§ß§à §à§ß§à §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö §à§ä 15 §Õ§à 25 §Ý§Ö§ä ¨C §Ú §â§Ö§Õ§Ü§à §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö 501 §Ý§Ö§ä

§¬§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §ä§Ú§á§í §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ?

§³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ä§Ú§á§í2:

§¢§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à I

  • §µ §£§Ñ§ã §Ò§í§Ý §á§à §Ü§â§Ñ§Û§ß§Ö§Û §Þ§Ö§â§Ö §à§Õ§Ú§ß §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Õ§Ý§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §à§Õ§ß§à§Û §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú ¨C §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §Ô§à§â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§à §Õ§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö.
  • §µ §£§Ñ§ã §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á§í, §ç§à§ä§ñ §å §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§í§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ I §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§í §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú.
  • §¢§Ö§Ù §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§Ú §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §Õ§Ý§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §à§ä 3 §Õ§à 6 §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è§Ö§Ó.
  • §¥§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á§í §Õ§Ý§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §Ô§à§â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§à §Õ§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö ¨C §à§ä 6 §Õ§à 12 §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è§Ö§Ó §Ò§Ö§Ù §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§Ú.

§¢§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à II

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§¯§Ñ §é§ä§à §á§à§ç§à§Ø§Ö §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à?

§¥§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ

§£§ã§Ö §Þ§í §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §à§ä §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú4. §°§ß§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §ß§Ñ§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §Ú §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §á§â§Ú §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Û §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §ï§ä§Ú §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ô§à§â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§à §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§ß§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§í5 6. §°§ß§Ú §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §Ú §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§ñ§ð§ä §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ð§ä §ß§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§í§Þ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§Ò§í§é§ß§í§ç §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ5. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §å §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ, §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§ã§Ö §Ú§Ù §á§Ö§â§Ö§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó:

§¿§Þ§à§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§á§Ñ§Õ§í

  • §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ö§ã§é§Ñ§ã§ä§î§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §ß§Ö §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä.
  • §à§ë§å§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §é§ä§à §ç§à§é§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§â§í§Õ§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§í.
  • §á§à§ä§Ö§â§ñ §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§Ñ §Ü §é§Ö§Þ§å-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à.
  • §ß§Ö§ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ä§î §å§Õ§à§Ó§à§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §à§ä §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ö§Ô§à.
  • §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §ä§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ô§Ú.
  • §á§à§ä§Ö§â§ñ §å§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö.
  • §à§ë§å§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §ß§Ö§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ü§Ó§Ñ§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.
  • §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Û §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §é§Ö§Þ §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à.
  • §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú §à §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§å§Ò§Ú§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö.

§³§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§â§Ú §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ö

  • §¯§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú§ä§î §á§à§Ù§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§á§ä§Ú§Þ§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§ß§à.
  • §´§â§å§Õ§ß§à §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §á§â§à§ã§ä§í§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.
  • §¯§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ß§à§â§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à §ã§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§à§ä§à§é§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ.

§¶§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í

  • §°§ä§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §Ñ§á§á§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§Ñ §Ú §á§à§ä§Ö§â§ñ §Ó§Ö§ã§Ñ.
  • §³§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§ã§í§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ.
  • §°§é§Ö§ß§î §â§Ñ§ß§ß§Ö§Ö §á§â§à§Ò§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö ¨C §Ú §ß§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§ã§ß§å§ä§î §ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ.
  • §¹§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §å§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§ä§Ú.
  • §£§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§à§â§à§Ó.
  • §±§à§ä§Ö§â§ñ §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§Ñ §Ü §ã§Ö§Ü§ã§å.

§±§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö

  • §´§â§å§Õ§ß§à §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§ß§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ ¨C §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §á§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§å§ð §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§å.
  • §¹§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §á§Ý§Ñ§é§Ö§ä §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à, §é§ä§à §ã§Ü§à§â§à §Ù§Ñ§á§Ý§Ñ§é§Ö§ä, §ß§à §å §ß§Ö§Ô§à §ß§Ö §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ.
  • §ª§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û.

§®§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ

§·§à§â§à§ê§Ö§Ö, §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§é§ß§à§Ö §Ú §à§á§ä§Ú§Þ§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§ß§à§Ö §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö ¨C §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à, §é§ä§à §ï§ä§à §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ §Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ. §¹§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä §Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ó§Ö§ë§Ú §à §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö, §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§ß§í§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §ß§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ü§à, §Ó§â§Ö§Õ§ß§à §Ú §Ú§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à.

§¬§Ñ§Ü §Ú §Ó §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §ï§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§í§Þ §á§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§å§ð §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î. §®§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§Ý§à§ç§à §á§à§Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ñ §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§å §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ.

§¬§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §à§ß§Ñ §ß§Ö §ã§ä§à§Ý§î §ñ§â§Ü§à §Ó§í§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ñ, §Ö§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä ?§Ô§Ú§á§à§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Û?. §°§ß§Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §£§Ñ§ê§Ú §ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §ß§Ñ §ä§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §£§í §Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú1.

§¬§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §£§í §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ó §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ú, §å §£§Ñ§ã §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ:

§¿§Þ§à§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î

  • §³§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §ã§é§Ñ§ã§ä§î§Ö §Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Ò§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö.
  • §³§Ú§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î (§é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §á§à§ä§à§Þ§å, §é§ä§à §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§î §ã§Þ§í§ã§Ý §£§Ñ§ê§Ú§ç §Ü§â§Ñ§Û§ß§Ö §à§á§ä§Ú§Þ§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §Ú§Õ§Ö§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §ä§Ö§Þ, §é§Ö§Ô§à §£§í §à§ä §ß§Ú§ç §ç§à§ä§Ú§ä§Ö).
  • §¹§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Û §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §é§Ö§Þ §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à.

§®§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö

  • §®§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§à§Ó§í§ç §Ú §Ù§Ñ§ç§Ó§Ñ§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Ú§Õ§Ö§Û.
  • §¢§í§ã§ä§â§í§Û §á§Ö§â§Ö§ç§à§Õ §à§ä §à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ú§Õ§Ö§Ú §Ü §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Û §Ú §á§à§ä§Ö§â§ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §£§í §á§í§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö§ã§î §à§Ò§Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§Ò§ì§ñ§ã§ß§Ú§ä§î.
  • §£§í §ã§Ý§í§ê§Ú§ä§Ö §Ô§à§Ý§à§ã§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ß§Ö §ã§Ý§í§ê§Ñ§ä §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú.

§¶§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö

  • §®§ß§à§Ô§à §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§Ú §Ú §ß§Ö§à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î
  • §¯§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§á§Ñ§ä§î
  • §®§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã §Ü §ã§Ö§Ü§ã§å.

§±§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö

  • §£§í §ã§ä§â§à§Ú§ä§Ö §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§à§Ù§ß§í§Ö §Ú §ß§Ö§â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§í.
  • §µ §£§Ñ§ã §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §£§í §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ó§Ú§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö§ã§î.
  • §µ §£§Ñ§ã §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §ß§Ö §á§à§ç§à§Ø§Ö§Ö §ß§Ñ §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à§Ö.
  • §°§é§Ö§ß§î §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§í§Û §ä§Ö§Þ§á §â§Ö§é§Ú ¨C §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§à, §é§ä§à §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§î, §à §é§Ö§Þ §£§í §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö.
  • §±§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ó §ã§Ñ§Þ§í§Û §ß§Ö§á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§Û §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä, §Ú§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ã §Ü§Ñ§ä§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú.
  • §¢§Ö§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ã§å§Õ§ß§Ñ§ñ §ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Õ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ô.
  • §¹§â§Ö§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §æ§Ñ§Þ§Ú§Ý§î§ñ§â§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ã§å§Õ§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§à §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ü §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ.
  • §¢§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§Ñ§ñ §ã§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ó §è§Ö§Ý§à§Þ.

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §£§í §Ó§á§Ö§â§Ó§í§Ö §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ó §ã§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ, §£§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §ß§Ö §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §ã §£§Ñ§Þ§Ú §é§ä§à-§ä§à §ß§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü, §ç§à§ä§ñ §£§Ñ§ê§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ù§î§ñ, §ã§Ö§Þ§î§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ü§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ú §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ð§ä §ï§ä§à. §£§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §á§à§é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ü§ä§à-§ä§à §á§à§á§í§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î §£§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ñ §ï§ä§à. §£§í §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §ä§Ö§â§ñ§ä§î §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§î §ã §á§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ§Ú ¨C §Ú §ã §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û.

§±§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §à§é§Ö§ß§î §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§í§Þ, §å §£§Ñ§ã §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ò§â§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ú§Õ§Ö§Ú1.

  • §±§â§Ú §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á§Ö ¨C §ï§ä§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§à, §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§à§Ù§ß§í§Ö §å§Ò§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö ¨C §é§ä§à §£§í §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§å§ð §Þ§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§ð §Ú§Ý§Ú §é§ä§à §å §£§Ñ§ã §Ö§ã§ä§î §à§ã§à§Ò§í§Ö §ã§Ú§Ý§í §Ú §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.
  • §±§â§Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Þ §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á§Ö ¨C §£§Ñ§Þ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ, §é§ä§à §£§í §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó§Ú§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§í, §é§ä§à §£§í §ç§å§Ø§Ö §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §é§ä§à §£§Ñ§ã §ß§Ö §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä.

§±§à§Þ§Ú§Þ§à §ï§ä§Ú§ç §ß§Ö§à§Ò§í§é§ß§í§ç §å§Ò§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û, §£§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ô§Ñ§Ý§Ý§ð§è§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú ¨C §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §£§í §ã§Ý§í§ê§Ú§ä§Ö, §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§ç, §à§ë§å§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §é§ä§à-§ä§à, §é§Ö§Ô§à (§Ü§à§Ô§à) §ä§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ö§ä.

§®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ§Þ§Ú

§¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ã §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§í§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ú §á§à§Ý§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ó§à§ã§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §á§â§à§Þ§Ö§Ø§å§ä§Ü§Ñ§ç §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §á§Ö§â§Ö§á§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §ß§à §å §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü. §£§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §á§à§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §Ú §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §ã §Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ, §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §é§ä§à §£§Ñ§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§à §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö.

§±§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §£§Ñ§Þ §á§â§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §à§ä§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §à§ä §Ó§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ ¨C §£§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ú§ä§î DVLA, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §å §£§Ñ§ã §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à. §¯§Ñ §ã§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö DVLA §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §à§Ò §ï§ä§à§Þ.

§±§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §á§â§Ú §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö

§¬ §Ü§à§Þ§å §Þ§ß§Ö §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ?

§³§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §£§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ§å §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä§å, §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §å §£§Ñ§ã §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú. §¯§à §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §à§ß §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù ?§Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à?, §à§ß §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§ã §Ü §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§å ¨C §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§Ñ§ä§â§å. §£ §â§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö NICE §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§ã§ñ, §é§ä§à §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§ä§à§â§à§Ó §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ä§î §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä7, §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §£§Ñ§ê§Ö §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä.

§¯§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ö §å §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§Ñ§ä§â§Ñ §£§í §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §é§Ý§Ö§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ü§à§Þ§Ñ§ß§Õ§í §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú (CMHT). §°§ß§Ú §ã§Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î §£§Ñ§Þ §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å, §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð, §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ó§Þ§Ö§ê§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó.

§¬§Ñ§Ü §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó§ã§Ö §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Ö §Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ø§å§ä§ã§ñ §£§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ø§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ú §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú, §£§Ñ§ê §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§Ù§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§å§ð §é§Ñ§ã§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§ä §à §£§Ñ§ã, §ç§à§ä§ñ §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §à§ß §ç§à§é§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §£§í §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §ß§Ñ §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §ã §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§Ñ§ä§â§à§Þ §Ú CMHT.

§­§Ö§Ü§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§â§Ú §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö

§¦§ã§ä§î §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §à§ß§Ú §ß§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ó §á§à§Ý§ß§à§è§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á§í §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú. §°§Ò §ï§ä§à§Þ §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ú§Ø§Ö, §ß§à §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó§ã§Ö §Ø§Ö §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§í §Õ§Ý§ñ: 

  • §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ (§á§â§à§æ§Ú§Ý§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ)
  • §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á§à§Ó.

§­§Ö§Ü§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ

§³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§ä§à§â§à§Ó §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ú§Ù §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ï§á§Ú§Ý§Ö§á§ã§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §ê§Ú§Ù§à§æ§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú8. §£§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §£§Ñ§ê§Ö§Þ§å §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§Ñ§ä§â§å §á§â§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ý§ñ §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§á§Ñ§Õ§à§Ó §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ9.

§­§Ú§ä§Ú§Û

§­§Ú§ä§Ú§Û §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§ä§à§â§Ñ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §å§Ø§Ö §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§Ö§ä§Ú§Û, §ß§à §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§ß §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä, §Õ§à §ã§Ú§ç §á§à§â §ß§Ö §ñ§ã§ß§à. §°§ß §á§à-§á§â§Ö§Ø§ß§Ö§Þ§å §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§à§é§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§à§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§à§Ý§Ô§à§ã§â§à§é§ß§à§Ô§à §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á§à§Ó.

§­§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö§Þ §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ä§î §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§Ñ§ä§â. §³§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§Ô§à §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ §Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ó §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö: §ã§Ý§Ú§ê§Ü§à§Þ §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§Ú§Û §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î §ß§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä, §ã§Ý§Ú§ê§Ü§à§Þ §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§Ú§Û §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§Ó§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§î. §±§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ó§í§Ö §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §£§Ñ§Þ §ß§å§Ø§ß§à §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à §ã§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§í §Ü§â§à§Ó§Ú, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §å§Ò§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ, §é§ä§à §£§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ö§â§ß§å§ð §Õ§à§Ù§å1 10. §¬§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Õ§à§Ù§Ñ §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Û, §£§Ñ§ê §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä §ã§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Û §Ú §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§í§Ö §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§í §Ü§â§à§Ó§Ú §ß§Ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Õ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §ã§â§à§Ü.

§¬§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ó §Ü§â§à§Ó§Ú §à§é§Ö§ß§î §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §Ü §ä§à§Þ§å, §ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó§à§Õ§í §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Þ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §£§Ñ§ê §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ §à§Ò§Ö§Ù§Ó§à§Ø§Ö§ß, §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î §Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ó §Ü§â§à§Ó§Ú §á§à§Ó§í§ã§Ú§ä§ã§ñ, §Ú §£§í §ã §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Û §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§Ö §á§à§Ò§à§é§ß§í§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §ä§à§Ü§ã§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§í1. §±§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à:

  • §á§Ú§ä§î §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§à§Õ§í ¨C §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §Ó §Ø§Ñ§â§Ü§å§ð §á§à§Ô§à§Õ§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§Ö §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú
  • §Ò§í§ä§î §à§ã§ä§à§â§à§Ø§ß§í§Þ §ã §é§Ñ§Ö§Þ §Ú §Ü§à§æ§Ö ¨C §à§ß§Ú §å§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ó§à§Õ§í §Ó §Þ§à§é§Ö.

§¥§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ý§ß§à§è§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ä§â§Ú §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö. §­§å§é§ê§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §ä§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú, §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó §ï§ä§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §å §£§Ñ§ã §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§á§Ñ§Õ§í §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.

§±§à§Ò§à§é§ß§í§Ö §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§í

§°§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ó§í§Ö §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö§Þ. §°§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ú §ß§Ö§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§í§Þ§Ú, §ß§à §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Ú§ã§é§Ö§Ù§Ñ§ð§ä §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Þ §ã§Þ§ñ§Ô§é§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ.

§¬ §ß§Ú§Þ §à§ä§ß§à§ã§ñ§ä§ã§ñ:

  • §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ø§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í.
  • §Ó§í§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Ô§à §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Þ§à§é§Ú (§Ú §é§Ñ§ë§Ö), §é§Ö§Þ §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à.
  • §å§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§Ö§ã§Ñ.

§®§Ö§ß§Ö§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §á§à§Ò§à§é§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ:

  • §á§à§Þ§å§ä§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.
  • §ß§Ö§Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ñ§ñ §Þ§í§ê§Ö§é§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ý§Ñ§Ò§à§ã§ä§î.
  • §Ú§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Õ§Ú§Ñ§â§Ö§ñ.
  • §Þ§Ö§Ý§Ü§à§Ö §Õ§â§à§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §â§å§Ü.
  • §à§ë§å§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ý§Ö§Ô§Ü§à§Ô§à §ß§Ö§Õ§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ.

§°§Ò§í§é§ß§à §ï§ä§Ú §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ú§ä§î, §ã§ß§Ú§Ù§Ú§Ó §Õ§à§Ù§å §Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ.

§³§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§Ú §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §ß§Ñ §ã§Ý§Ú§ê§Ü§à§Þ §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§Ú§Û §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î §Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ. §¯§Ö§Þ§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à §ã§Ó§ñ§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §ã§à §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §Ó§â§Ñ§é§à§Þ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ:

  • §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ø§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ.
  • §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §á§à§ß§à§ã §Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ó§à§ä§Ñ.
  • §ñ§Ó§ß§à§Ö §Õ§â§à§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §â§å§Ü §Ú §ß§à§Ô.
  • §á§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§í§ê§è.
  • §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§â§ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ñ§á§å§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ó §Þ§í§ã§Ý§ñ§ç.

§¡§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§í §Ü§â§à§Ó§Ú §Ú §Þ§à§é§Ú

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§©§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ §à §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö5

  • §³§à§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §ã§Ò§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§å§ð §Õ§Ú§Ö§ä§å.
  • §²§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à §á§Ö§Û§ä§Ö §ß§Ñ§á§Ú§ä§Ü§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù §Õ§à§Ò§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Ñ§ç§Ñ§â§Ñ. §¿§ä§à §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ò§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ß§ã §ã§à§Ý§Ö§Û §Ú §Ø§Ú§Õ§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö. §°§ä§Ü§Ñ§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §à§ä §Ü§à§Ý§í §Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ü§à§Ô§à§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ§á§Ú§ä§Ü§à§Ó §ã §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Þ §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §ã§Ñ§ç§Ñ§â§Ñ.
  • §¦§ê§î§ä§Ö §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à - §ï§ä§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ò§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ß§ã §Ø§Ú§Õ§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú.
  • §³§Ý§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §Ù§Ñ §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ü§à§æ§Ö§Ú§ß§Ñ §Ó §é§Ñ§Ö, §Ü§à§æ§Ö §Ú §Ü§à§Ý§Ö. §°§ß §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Þ§à§é§Ö§Ô§à§ß§ß§à§Ö §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö, §é§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î §Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ.

§¥§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§ä§à§â§í §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ

§¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ, §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î. §³§á§à§ã§à§Ò §Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§ä §à§ä §ä§à§Ô§à, §Õ§Ý§ñ §é§Ö§Ô§à §à§ß§Ú §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ: §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ä§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ç §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §à§ä §ä§à§Ô§à, §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ý§Ú §£§í §å§Ø§Ö §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§í.

  • §±§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§ï§á§Ú§Ý§Ö§á§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í/§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Ü§à§ß§Ó§å§Ý§î§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§í:
    • §£§Ñ§Ý§î§á§â§à§Ñ§ä §ß§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§ñ, §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§ã§å§Õ§à§â§à§Ø§ß§í§Û §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ä§î §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ø§Ö §ç§à§â§à§ê§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ú §Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Û, §ß§à §á§à§Ü§Ñ §Ö§ë§Ö §ß§Ö§ä §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§í§ç §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §å§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §à§Ò §ï§ä§à§Þ. §±§â§Ú§Ö§Þ §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Ó§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ò§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§ß§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§â§Ö§Õ §Ö§ë§Ö §ß§Ö §â§à§Õ§Ú§Ó§ê§Ö§Þ§å§ã§ñ §â§Ö§Ò§Ö§ß§Ü§å, §á§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §Ö§Ô§à §ß§Ö §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§î §Ø§Ö§ß§ë§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Ò§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í.
    • §¬§Ñ§â§Ò§Ñ§Þ§Ñ§Ù§Ö§á§Ú§ß §Ú §Ý§Ñ§Þ§à§ä§â§Ú§Õ§Ø§Ú§ß §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û.
  • §¡§ß§ä§Ú§á§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í: §¤§Ñ§Ý§à§á§Ö§â§Ú§Õ§à§Ý, §à§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ù§Ñ§á§Ú§ß, §Ü§Ó§Ö§ä§Ú§Ñ§á§Ú§ß §Ú §â§Ú§ã§á§Ö§â§Ú§Õ§à§ß.

§¬§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§ä§à§â§Ñ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ

§±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î, §ß§Ñ§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à, §é§ä§à §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §Ö§ë§Ö §à§Õ§Ú§ß. §¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ß§Ö §ç§à§ä§ñ§ä §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§ä§à§â§Ñ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §ï§ä§à§Þ §ï§ä§Ñ§á§Ö, §ß§à §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á§í §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§í§Þ§Ú §Ú §à§é§Ö§ß§î §â§Ñ§Ù§â§å§ê§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú.

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §ã§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §Ó§ä§à§â§à§Û §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á, §ä§à §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ñ§ñ §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§à§Ó§í§ç §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á§à§Ó. §±§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Þ §ï§ä§Ñ§á§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§ä§à§â §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß.

§£ §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§ä§à§â §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ?

§¬§Ñ§Ü §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§å§Þ:

  • §¥§Ó§Ñ §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.
  • §±§ñ§ä§î §Ý§Ö§ä, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§à:
    • §é§Ñ§ã§ä§í§Ö §â§Ö§è§Ú§Õ§Ú§Ó§í
    • §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ï§á§Ú§Ù§à§Õ§í
    • §Ù§Ý§à§å§á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ñ§Ý§Ü§à§Ô§à§Ý§Ö§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú
    • §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã §Õ§à§Þ§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö.

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §£§í §â§Ö§ê§Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§Ñ, §à§Ò§ã§å§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §ï§ä§à §ã§à §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §Ó§â§Ñ§é§à§Þ. §­§å§é§ê§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§ã§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§Ñ§ä§â§Ñ §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö 2-§ç §Ý§Ö§ä §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §á§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ñ §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§Ñ §à§ä §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §à§ß §Þ§à§Ô §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §å §£§Ñ§ã §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó §â§Ö§è§Ú§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ñ.

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §å §£§Ñ§ã §á§à-§á§â§Ö§Ø§ß§Ö§Þ§å §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ð§ä §ß§Ö§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§í§Ö §ï§á§Ú§Ù§à§Õ§í, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ, §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §£§Ñ§Þ §á§â§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í §Õ§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö.

§¬§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Õ§Ý§ñ §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ?

§£§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §à§Ò§ã§å§Õ§Ú§ä§î §ï§ä§à §ã§à §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §Ó§â§Ñ§é§à§Þ, §ß§à §Ö§ã§ä§î §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §à§Ò§ë§Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§à§Ó.

  • §­§Ú§ä§Ú§Û §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§à§é§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ, §ß§Ñ §Ó§ä§à§â§à§Þ §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö - §Ó§Ñ§Ý§î§á§â§à§Ñ§ä §ß§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§ñ, §ç§à§ä§ñ §Ö§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §ã §Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö§Þ. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Û §Ú §Ó§Ñ§Ý§î§á§â§à§Ñ§ä §ß§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§ñ §ß§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß §à§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ù§Ñ§á§Ú§ß.
  • §´§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß §Ü§Ó§Ö§ä§Ú§Ñ§á§Ú§ß, §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ó §ä§Ö§ç §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ñ§ç, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §å §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ï§á§Ú§Ù§à§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú8.
  • §­§Ñ§Þ§à§ä§â§Ú§Õ§Ø§Ú§ß §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß §á§â§Ú §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö II §ä§Ú§á§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Û §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §ß§à §ß§Ö §á§â§Ú §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú.
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§®§ß§à§Ô§à§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§ä §à§ä §ä§à§Ô§à, §ß§Ñ§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ç§à§â§à§ê§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ä§à§ä §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§ß§à§Û §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä. §´§à, §é§ä§à §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §à§Õ§ß§à§Þ§å §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§å, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ß§Ö §á§à§Õ§à§Û§ä§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Þ§å.

§¹§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§Û§ä§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ñ §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§à§Ó?

§­§Ú§ä§Ú§Û §ã§ß§Ú§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î §â§Ö§è§Ú§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ 30¨C40%8, §ß§à §é§Ö§Þ §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §Ò§í§Ý§à §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ï§á§Ú§Ù§à§Õ§à§Ó, §ä§Ö§Þ §Ó§í§ê§Ö §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §â§Ö§è§Ú§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ñ.

§¬§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§í§Õ§å§ë§Ú§ç §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ï§á§Ú§Ù§à§Õ§à§Ó

§£§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§ß§à§Ô§à §ï§á§Ú§Ù§à§Õ§Ñ §Ó §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ø§Ñ§Û§ê§Ú§Û §Ô§à§Õ


§¢§Ö§Ù §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ñ §Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ

§±§â§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ

1-2

10% (10 §Ú§Ù 100)

6-7% (6-7 §Ú§Ù 100)

3-4

20% (20 §Ú§Ù 100)

12% (12 §Ú§Ù 100)

5+

40% (40 §Ú§Ù 100)

26% (26 §Ú§Ù 100)


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§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §£§í §Ù§Ñ§Ò§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ó§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ñ §Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ, §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §à§Ò§ã§å§Õ§Ú§ä§î §ã §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§Ñ§ä§â§à§Þ, §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §Ý§Ú §á§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ. §·§à§ä§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ó§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ò§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§Ö§ß, §é§Ö§Þ §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§ä§à§â§à§Ó §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §â§Ú§ã§Ü §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ §ã §ã§Ö§â§Õ§è§Ö§Þ §å §â§Ö§Ò§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ. §¿§ä§à§ä §â§Ú§ã§Ü §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §ã§à§á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §ã §â§Ú§ã§Ü§à§Þ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §å §£§Ñ§ã §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ.

§²§Ú§ã§Ü §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ó§í§Ö §ä§â§Ú §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è§Ñ §Ò§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §­§Ú§ä§Ú§Û §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§Ö§ß §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö 26-§Û §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ò§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §à§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §£§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ö §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §Ü§à§â§Þ§Ú§ä§î §â§Ö§Ò§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ §Ô§â§å§Õ§î§ð, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §£§í §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Û, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§ß §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ä§à§Ü§ã§Ú§é§Ö§ß §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ö§Ò§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ12.

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§±§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ

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  • §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú ¨C §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §à §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö
  • §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ ¨C §£§í §ß§Ñ§å§é§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §£§Ñ§ê§Ö §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ.
  • §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ú §à§Ò§ë§Ú§ç §ß§Ñ§Ó§í§Ü§à§Ó §á§â§Ö§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û
  • §Ü§à§Ô§ß§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à-§á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ð (§¬§±§´) §á§â§Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §ï§á§Ú§Ù§à§Õ§Ñ§ç, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ß§Ú§Þ§Ú (§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ 16-20 §é§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§í§ç §ã§Ö§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö 3-4 §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è§Ö§Ó)
  • §Þ§Ö§Ø§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§ß§å§ð §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ð (§®§´)
  • §ã§Ö§Þ§Ö§Û§ß§å§ð §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ð
  • §ã§Ö§Þ§Ö§Û§ß§í§Ö §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ú.

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  • §¥§Ý§ñ §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §à§ä §Õ§Ó§å§ç §Õ§à §ê§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§î, §ß§à §ã§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã§à§ß §Ú §Ñ§á§á§Ö§ä§Ú§ä. §±§â§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§à§Ó §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §é§Ö§ä§í§â§Ö§ç §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú. §©§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ §Ó§í §Ú §Ó§Ñ§ê §Ó§â§Ñ§é §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §à§Ò§ã§å§Õ§Ú§ä§î, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ú§ä§î §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§à§á§â§à§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ß§å§ð §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ð. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§Ñ §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §á§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î, §Ö§Ô§à §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §ã§ß§Ú§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à, §á§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö §é§Ö§Þ §á§à§Ý§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §á§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ.
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  • §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §å §£§Ñ§ã §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á§í, §£§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ö §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§í §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Õ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú.

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§¥§Ö§ä§Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§â§ê§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ §Ú§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§ñ§ä§ã§ñ, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§à§Û §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§Ú §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Ô§à §â§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ. §ª§ç §ß§å§Ø§ß§à §å§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Ú§ä§î, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ú §ß§Ö §Ó§Ú§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§í, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§Þ §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å. §¬§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §â§Ö§Ò§Ö§ß§à§Ü §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§â§ê§Ö §ã§Ñ§Þ §å§ç§Ñ§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ §Ò§à§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §â§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ, §à§ß §ß§å§Ø§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §à§ã§à§Ò§à§Þ §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ö.

§¤§â§å§á§á§í §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §Ú §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§à §å§ç§à§Õ§å

Bipolar UK
§á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å, §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§í §Ú §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§í§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ, §Ú§ç §Õ§â§å§Ù§Ö§Û §Ú §à§á§Ö§Ü§å§ß§à§Ó.
§­§Ú§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §ã§Ó§Ö§â§ã§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó: 07591375544 (§Ñ§Ó§ä§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§é§Ú§Ü §Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§ß§í§Û §Ù§Ó§à§ß§à§Ü)

Bipolar Fellowship Scotland
§á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð, §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å §Ú §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û, §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§í§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ, §Ú §Ó§ã§Ö§ç, §Ü§ä§à §à §ß§Ú§ç §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ú§ä§ã§ñ. §°§ß§Ú §ã§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §á§à §Ó§ã§Ö§Û §º§à§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§Ú, §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ä §Ú §á§â§à§ã§Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§ð§ä §à §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§Ú §Ú §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú.
§´§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß: 0141 560 2050

§ª§ß§ä§Ö§â§ß§Ö§ä-§ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à Side by Side - MIND
- §ï§ä§à §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß-§ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à, §Ô§Õ§Ö §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Õ§à§Þ§Ñ, §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ñ §à §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö §Ú §à§Ò§ë§Ñ§ñ§ã§î §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ð§ä, §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §é§ä§à §Ó§í §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö.

§´§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß§í §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ú§ñ MIND
MIND §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à .

Samaritans
§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð, §ä§à§Ý§Ö§â§Ñ§ß§ä§ß§å§ð §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å 24 §é§Ñ§ã§Ñ §Ó §ã§å§ä§Ü§Ú §á§à §ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß§å §Ú §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§ß§à§Û §á§à§é§ä§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ, §Ü§ä§à §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Ö§ß, §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§Ü§Ý§à§ß§Ö§ß §Ü §ã§å§Ú§è§Ú§Õ§å.
§´§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß: 116 123
§¿§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§à§é§ä§Ñ: jo@samaritans.org 

§¥§à§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§Ñ

  • Fast A. J., Preston J. D. Loving someone with bipolar disorder: understanding and helping your partner. New Harbinger Publications; 2012.

  • Geddes, J. (2003) Bipolar disorder. Evidence Based Mental Health, 6 (4): 101-2.

  • Goodwin, G.M. (2009) Evidence-based guidelines for treating Bipolar disorder: revised third edition - recommendations from The British Association for Psychopharmacology. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 30(6); 495-553.

  • Kay Redfield Jamison. An unquiet mind. Alfred A. Knopf; 1995.

NICE information for the public

  • Morriss, R. (2004). The early warning symptom intervention for patients with bipolar affective disorder. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 10: 18 - 26.

  • Persaud R., ÍøÆغÚÁÏ. The Mind: A User's Guide. Bantam; 2007.

This translation was produced by CLEAR Global (Feb 2023)

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