ÍøÆغÚÁÏ

§¥§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ §å §Ó§Ù§â§à§ã§Ý§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û

Depression in adults

Below is a Russian translation of our information resource on depression in adults. You can also read our other Russian translations.

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§³§Þ. §¯§Ñ§ê §à§ä§Ü§Ñ§Ù §à§ä §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ó§ã§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ§í, §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§í§Ö §ß§Ñ §ï§ä§à§Þ §ã§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö.

§¥§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ò§â§à§ê§ð§â§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§Ö§ç, §Ü§ä§à §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §á§à§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à, §à§Ô§à§â§é§Ö§ß§ß§à, §â§Ñ§Ù§Ò§Ú§ä§à §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ø§ß§à, §Ü§ä§à §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä, §ã§Ý§à§Ó§ß§à §à§ß §Ò§à§â§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §Ú §Ü§ä§à §Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à §å §ß§Ö§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ. §®§í §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ö§Þ§ã§ñ, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ù§Ö§Û.

§°§ß§Ñ §à§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§ë§å§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ (§£§Ñ§ê§Ú§Þ §ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ú §ä§Ö§Ý§à§Þ), §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§í §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Þ§å, §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§å§ð §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ü§à§Þ§å-§ä§à, §Ü§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú.

§£ §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö §Ò§â§à§ê§ð§â§í §Ö§ã§ä§î §ã§á§Ú§ã§à§Ü §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Þ§Ö§ã§ä, §Ô§Õ§Ö §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§î §Õ§à§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð.

§£ §é§Ö§Þ §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ú§è§Ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ä§Ö§Þ, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §ß§Ö§ã§é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§í§Þ §Ú §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú?

§µ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ó §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ñ, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §à§ß§Ú §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §å§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§ã§é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§í§Þ§Ú. §°§Ò§í§é§ß§à §ï§ä§à §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §á§à §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ö, §ß§Ö §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à §Þ§Ö§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§à§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ú, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§à, §ß§Ö §Õ§Ý§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ó§å§ç §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§î.

§°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §ï§ä§Ú §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è§í §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú, §é§ä§à §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§å§ð §ã§æ§Ö§â§å §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú, §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ, §Ú §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§Ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î.

§¬§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ö§ã§ä§î §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú?

§­§ð§Õ§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§Ö §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §á§à-§â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§Þ§å. §²§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§Ñ§ð§ä §Ý§Ö§Ô§Ü§å§ð, §å§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð §Ú§Ý§Ú §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§å§ð §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú.1

§±§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§ä §à§ä §Ú§ç §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§ß§í§ç §è§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û, §å§Ò§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ.

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §Ó §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à, §Ó§í §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§Ö §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ú§Ù §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó:1 2

§±§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §Ó§í:

  • §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §ß§Ö§ã§é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§í§Þ, §Ø§Ñ§Ý§Ü§Ú§Þ, §á§à§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ, §å§Ô§ß§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ ¨C §ï§ä§à §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ö §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Õ§ß§ñ, §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §ã §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ô§à §å§ä§â§Ñ
  • §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §ß§Ñ§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §é§Ö§Þ-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à
  • §ä§Ö§â§ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã §Ü §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ñ§Þ §ã §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú §Ú §à§Ò§â§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ñ§Ü§ä §ã §Õ§â§å§Ù§î§ñ§Þ§Ú
  • §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §ß§à§â§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ, §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§Ö§Ö §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ
  • §ä§Ö§â§ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §å§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ó §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö
  • §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ó§Ú§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§í§Þ §Ú §ß§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§à§Û§ß§í§Þ
  • §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §á§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Þ§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§ß§í
  • §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ø§ß§à, §Ú §å §Ó§Ñ§ã, §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §á§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã§å§Ú§è§Ú§Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú.

§¶§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §Ó§í:

  • §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä§Ö §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à, §ß§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ù§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§à§Ù§Ò§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö
  • §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä§Ö §å§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§ä§î, §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §ß§Ö§ä §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§Ú
  • §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §å§ã§ß§å§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§á§Ú§ä§Ö §ã§Ý§Ú§ê§Ü§à§Þ §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à
  • §á§â§à§ã§í§á§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö§ã§î §â§Ñ§ß§à §å§ä§â§à§Þ §Ú/§Ú§Ý§Ú §á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú §ß§à§é§Ú
  • §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §à§ä §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§ß§à§Û §Ò§à§Ý§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ø§Ö§Ý§å§Õ§Ü§Ñ
  • §ä§Ö§â§ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã §Ü §ã§Ö§Ü§ã§å
  • §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ú §ä§Ö§â§ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ó§Ö§ã §Ú§Ý§Ú ?§Ù§Ñ§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã? §Ú §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ú§â§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ó§Ö§ã.

§¥§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§î, §é§ä§à §Ó§í:

  • §à§ê§Ú§Ò§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö§ã§î §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö §Ú §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ
  • §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö§ã§î §ß§Ö§à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §ä§Ú§ç§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ú §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ü§ß§å§ä§í§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û
  • §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö, §é§Ö§Þ §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à
  • §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í, §é§Ö§Þ §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à
  • §ã§á§Ú§ä§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ö, §é§Ö§Þ §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à
  • §Ø§Ñ§Ý§å§Ö§ä§Ö§ã§î §ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í
  • §á§Ö§â§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §å§ç§Ñ§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ù§Ñ §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ ¨C §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ö§ä§Ö §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§å, §ß§Ö §ã§ä§Ú§â§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ó§Ö§ë§Ú
  • §á§Ö§â§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ù§Ñ §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §Õ§à§Þ§à§Þ §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ ¨C §á§Ö§â§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ú§ä§î, §ß§Ö §å§Ò§Ú§â§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ä§î §á§à§ã§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Ò§Ö§Ý§î§Ö.

§¢§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ß§Ö §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§à§Ó, §Ñ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §à§ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ý§Ú§ê§î §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §£§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §á§à§Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§ã§ß§í§Û §ß§Ö§Õ§å§Ô, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §å§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §ã§à §ã§ß§à§Þ, §à§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §á§Ö§â§Ó§í§Þ §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú.1 2

§£§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §ß§Ö §à§ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ô§Ý§å§Ò§à§Ü§à §Ó§í §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ó §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §ï§ä§à §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ý§à §á§à§ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§ß§à. §ª§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §á§í§ä§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §Ò§à§â§à§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó§Ú§ß§Ú§ä§î §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ù§Ñ §ä§à, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ú §Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ó§í§Ö §Ú §å §ß§Ú§ç §ß§Ö §ç§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§Ú§Ý§í §Ó§à§Ý§Ú.

§ª§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ §Õ§â§å§Ô §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§Ñ§â§ä§ß§Ö§â, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §å§Ò§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä §Ó§Ñ§ã, §é§ä§à §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §Ö§ã§ä§î §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ, §Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§ä §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ù§Ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð.

§£§Ñ§Þ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ù§Ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ñ§ê §Õ§â§å§Ô §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§Ñ§â§ä§ß§Ö§â §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à:

  • §£§Ñ§ê§Ö §à§ë§å§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§ê§å §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§å, §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§í §Ú §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§à §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ü §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §ã§Ö§Þ§î§Ö §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ù§î§ñ§Þ
  • §£§Ñ§ê§Ö §à§ë§å§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ú §ß§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö
  • §£§í §Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §ß§Ñ §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú, §é§ä§à §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î §ß§Ö §ã§ä§à§Ú§ä §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ø§Ú§ä§î, §Ú§Ý§Ú §é§ä§à §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §Ò§í§Ý§à §Ò§í §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö §Ò§Ö§Ù §Ó§Ñ§ã.

§¹§ä§à §ß§Ñ§ã§é§Ö§ä §ä§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ô§Ú?

§¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §ä§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ô§å, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ó§á§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð.1 3

§£§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§Ö, §Ó§à§Ý§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ, §Ò§à§ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ, §Ú §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à §Ó§í§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ñ §å§Ý§Ú§è§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §â§ñ§Õ§à§Þ §ã §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú. §ª§Ý§Ú §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ã§å§ç§à§ã§ä§î §Ó§à §â§ä§å, §á§à§ä§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§î, §ß§Ö§ç§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ü§Ñ §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§å§ç§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ä§à§ê§ß§à§ä§Ñ.

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð §Ú §ä§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ô§å, §Ó§í, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§à, §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§ä §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Ö §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.1

§¹§ä§à §ß§Ñ§ã§é§Ö§ä §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ (§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú)?

§µ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û, §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ö§Û, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Õ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ§í, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §à§ß§Ú §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ó §á§â§Ú§á§à§Õ§ß§ñ§ä§à§Þ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú §Ü§â§Ñ§Û§ß§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§Ò§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú. §¿§ä§à §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ ?§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Û? §Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à (§Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ß§î§ê§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à-§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ).4 5

§±§à§é§Ö§Þ§å §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §Ó§á§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð?

§¥§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ ¨C §ß§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü §ã§Ý§Ñ§Ò§à§ã§ä§Ú. §°§ß§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §ã§Ñ§Þ§í§Þ§Ú §â§Ö§ê§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú, §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú, §ã§á§à§â§ä§ã§Þ§Ö§ß§í §Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð.

§ª§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ñ §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§å§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ú§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ö§× §ß§Ö§ä. §¿§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§à§é§Ñ§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §æ§â§å§ã§ä§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§à§ä§Ö§â§ñ §é§Ö§Ô§à-§ä§à §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ü§à§Ô§à-§ä§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§Ñ§ã.

§¹§Ñ§ã§ä§à §ß§Ñ §ï§ä§à §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §à§Õ§ß§à§Û §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§í, §Ú §à§ß§Ú §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û. §¯§Ú§Ø§Ö §Þ§í §à§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß.

§¨§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §à§Ò§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ

§¥§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ã§á§â§à§Ó§à§è§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ñ §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§Ö§é§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö§Þ, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §å§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ü§à§Ô§à §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, §â§Ñ§Ù§â§í§Ó §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§à§ä§Ö§â§ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í.6 7

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ú §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §à§Ò§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§à§Õ§â§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä, §é§ä§à §Ó§í §Ø§Ú§Ó§Ö§ä§Ö §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Ú§Ý§Ú §â§ñ§Õ§à§Þ §ã §Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ß§Ö§ä §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ú§ç §Õ§â§å§Ù§Ö§Û §Ú §ã§Ö§Þ§î§Ú, §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §ê§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó §Ó§á§Ñ§ã§ä§î §Ó §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð.8 9

§¶§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö

§³§à§ß, §Õ§Ú§Ö§ä§Ñ §Ú §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §å§á§â§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §ß§Ñ §ä§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§í §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§Þ§ã§ñ §ã §Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§Þ§Ú.

§±§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §ã §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö§Þ, §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§í§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö, §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§í§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð §Ú§Ý§Ú §å§ã§å§Ô§å§Ò§Ú§ä§î §Ö§Ö.10 11 §¬ §ß§Ú§Þ §à§ä§ß§à§ã§ñ§ä§ã§ñ:

  • §à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§í§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§Ñ§Ü §Ú §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§Ú §ã§Ö§â§Õ§è§Ñ
  • §Õ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ú/§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ñ§â§ä§â§Ú§ä
  • §Ó§Ú§â§å§ã§ß§í§Ö §Ú§ß§æ§Ö§Ü§è§Ú§Ú, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ô§â§Ú§á§á §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ù§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ§ñ §Ý§Ú§ç§à§â§Ñ§Õ§Ü§Ñ, §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §å §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û
  • §Ô§à§â§Þ§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ë§Ú§ä§à§Ó§Ú§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ù§í
  • §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §Þ§à§Ù§Ô §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§â§Ó§ß§å§ð §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§å.12

§¥§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ

§¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §å§ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Þ§í §Ü §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §é§Ö§Þ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö. §¿§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §ã §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§í§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ö§ä§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§à§Û, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ä§î §Ø§Ö§ã§ä§à§Ü§à§Ö §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö (§æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö, §ã§Ö§Ü§ã§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö), §Ò§Ö§Ù§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ù§à§â§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §ã§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ, §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §ã§Ö§Þ§Ö§Û§ß§å§ð §à§Ò§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ü§å.13 14 15

§µ§á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ñ§Ý§Ü§à§Ô§à§Ý§ñ §Ú §ß§Ñ§â§Ü§à§ä§Ú§Ü§à§Ó

§²§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Ö §Ù§Ý§à§å§á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ñ§Ý§Ü§à§Ô§à§Ý§Ö§Þ16 17 §Ú§Ý§Ú §å§á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §ß§Ñ§â§Ü§à§ä§Ú§Ü§à§Ó, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§Ñ§â§Ú§ç§å§Ñ§ß§Ñ18 19, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§ã §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ã§Ü§Ý§à§ß§ß§í§Þ §Ü §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Ó §Õ§à§Ý§Ô§à§ã§â§à§é§ß§à§Û §á§Ö§â§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§Ö.

§¤§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§í

§³§ç§à§Ø§Ú§Ö §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö ¡®§æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§í §â§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ¡¯ §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ú §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§à§Û §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ò§Ú§á§à§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ê§Ú§Ù§à§æ§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú. §³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§í §â§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §â§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ, §å§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §å§Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ñ§ñ §â§Ú§ã§Ü §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §ï§ä§Ú§ç §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Û.

§¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§í §â§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ, §é§ä§à §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à §Ó§í §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§â§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§í §Ü §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§à§Û §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§ä§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ø§Ú§Ó§Ö§ä§Ö §Ó §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Ú §á§à§Ù§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ö, §ï§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ã§ß§Ú§Ù§Ú§ä§î §â§Ú§ã§Ü §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§à§Ô§à §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ.

§¯§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö §â§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ §ã §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§í§Þ §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ, §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§Þ §Ú§Ù §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§ç §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Ó §â§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§à§Ô§à §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §µ §Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Û, §â§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§í§Þ§Ú §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§à§Ô§à §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä 1 §Ü 3.

§²§Ñ§Ù§Þ§í§ê§Ý§ñ§ñ §à §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ç §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à §á§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§î, §é§ä§à §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ö §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Ó, §Ú §é§ä§à §ß§Ú §à§Õ§Ú§ß §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â §â§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ §á§à §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §ß§Ö §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð.20

§¦§ã§ä§î §Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ñ §Ó §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã §á§à§Ý§à§Þ §Ú §ã§Ö§Ü§ã§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §à§â§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û?

§®§å§Ø§é§Ú§ß§í, §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð, §â§Ö§Ø§Ö §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ñ§ä §à §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§ç §Ú §â§Ö§Ø§Ö §á§â§à§ã§ñ§ä §à §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú.21 §¹§ä§à§Ò§í §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ, §à§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð §á§à-§Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Þ§å: §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §Ó§ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§á§ß§í§Û §Ô§ß§Ö§Ó, §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð §á§à§ä§Ö§â§ð §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§ñ, §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§å§ð §ã§Ü§Ý§à§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ü §â§Ú§ã§Ü§å §Ú §Ñ§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §å§á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ñ§Ý§Ü§à§Ô§à§Ý§ñ §Ú §ß§Ñ§â§Ü§à§ä§Ú§Ü§à§Ó.23 24 §´§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§å§Ø§é§Ú§ß§í §é§Ñ§ë§Ö, §é§Ö§Þ §Ø§Ö§ß§ë§Ú§ß§í, §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§ß§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§å§Ò§Ú§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ.21 23

§°§Ü§à§Ý§à 12% §Ò§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ø§Ö§ß§ë§Ú§ß §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð §Ó§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ò§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ñ 15¨C20% §Ó§á§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ó§í§Û §Ô§à§Õ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §â§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §â§Ö§Ò§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ.24

§´§â§Ñ§ß§ã§Ô§Ö§ß§Õ§Ö§â§í (§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§è§Ú§â§å§ð§ä §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ §á§à§Ý§à§Þ, §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Þ §à§ä §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Ú§Þ §á§â§Ú§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú §â§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú) §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§Ú§Û §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Ú §ä§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ô§Ú, §é§Ö§Þ §ä§Ö, §Ü§ä§à §Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§è§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §ã §á§à§Ý§à§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Ò§í§Ý §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß §á§â§Ú §â§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú. §¯§Ö§Ò§Ú§ß§Ñ§â§ß§í§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú (§ß§Ö §Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§è§Ú§â§å§ð§ä §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §ß§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ø§Ö§ß§ë§Ú§ß§Ñ/§Ø§Ö§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §á§à§Ý, §ß§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§å§Ø§é§Ú§ß§Ñ/§Þ§å§Ø§ã§Ü§à§Û §á§à§Ý) §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ú§Þ§Ö§ä§î §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§Ú§Û §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Ú §ä§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ô§Ú.25 26

§­§ð§Õ§Ú, §Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§è§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ý§Ö§ã§Ò§Ú§ñ§ß§Ü§Ú, §Ô§Ö§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§Ú§ã§Ö§Ü§ã§å§Ñ§Ý§í, §é§Ñ§ë§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §ã §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö§Þ (§Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð), §é§Ö§Þ §Ô§Ö§ä§Ö§â§à§ã§Ö§Ü§ã§å§Ñ§Ý§í.27 §°§ß§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§à§Õ§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Ö§ß§í §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§à§Þ§å §â§Ú§ã§Ü§å §á§à§á§í§ä§à§Ü §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§å§Ò§Ú§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Ó§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.27 28

§®§à§Ô§å §Ý§Ú §ñ §á§à§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à?

§·§à§â§à§ê§Ñ§ñ §ß§à§Ó§à§ã§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §á§à§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à, §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ñ §é§ä§à-§ä§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö. §£§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ò§í§ä§î §Ó §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §á§â§Ö§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ö§ä§î §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à, §é§ä§à §Õ§Ñ§ã§ä §Ó§Ñ§Þ §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §å§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §Ó§í §ã§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Þ §á§à§é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §á§à§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à.

§±§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö §Ó§à §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ó §Ò§â§à§ê§ð§â§Ö, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ã§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Ú §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§í§Þ §Ó §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Þ.

§¯§à §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §ß§å§Ø§ß§Ñ §Õ§à§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î, §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ú§ç §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú, §Ú§Ý§Ú §ä§à, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ú §á§â§à§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §á§à§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ, §ß§Ö §ã§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§Ý§à.

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð §Ó§á§Ö§â§Ó§í§Ö, §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ñ §ê§Ñ§ß§ã §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§ä§î §ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä 50 §Ü 50, §á§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à §Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§î §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §à§ß§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ß§å§Ø§ß§Ñ.1, 29

§±§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö, §é§ä§à §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ß§å§Ø§ß§à §á§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §ã §Ü§Ö§Þ-§ä§à §à §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§ç, §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§â§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §ß§Ö §à§ä§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ï§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ó§Ö§â§ß§å§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü §ä§Ö§Þ §Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ§Ú §Ó§í §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §â§Ñ§ß§î§ê§Ö, §Ú §ã§Ü§à§â§Ö§Ö §â§Ñ§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú.

§ª§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §ß§Ö §ã§â§Ñ§Ù§å §å§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §Ó§í §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä§Ö. §¢§å§Õ§î§ä§Ö §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§í §Ú §ß§Ö §ã§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î ¨C §ä§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§Þ §à§Ü§Ñ§Ø§å§ä §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§å§ð §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î.

§¬§Ñ§Ü §ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Þ§å §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö?

§£§à§ä §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §á§à§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à. §£§Ñ§Ø§ß§à §ß§Ñ§Û§ä§Ú §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ó§Ñ§Þ, §Ú §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ä§î §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §ã§á§Ú§ã§à§Ü §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§Ú§Ü.

§±§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö §ã §Ü§Ö§Þ-§ä§à: §¯§Ö §ã§ä§à§Ú§ä §Ù§Ñ§Ü§â§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ý§Ú §á§Ý§à§ç§Ú§Ö §ß§à§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ý§à §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§à§Ö §á§à§ä§â§ñ§ã§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §´§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ü§à§Þ§å §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§å §à §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ú§ç §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§ç §á§à §á§à§Ó§à§Õ§å §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §ß§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã §Ü§Ö§Þ-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î, §á§à§á§â§à§Ò§å§Û§ä§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§Ú §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Ò§å§Þ§Ñ§Ô§Ö.

§°§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú: §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §Ö§ã§ä§î §ã§Ú§Ý§í, §Ó§í§Û§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §ß§Ñ §å§Ý§Ú§è§å §Ú §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Ù§Ñ§â§ñ§Õ§Ü§å §ß§Ñ §ã§Ó§Ö§Ø§Ö§Þ §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§å§ç§Ö; §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §ß§Ö§Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ñ§ñ §á§â§à§Ô§å§Ý§Ü§Ñ §á§â§Ú§ß§Ö§ã§Ö§ä §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å. §¿§ä§à §á§à§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §æ§à§â§Þ§å §Ú §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§ä §Ý§å§é§ê§Ú§Û §ã§à§ß. §¶§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§ç, §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Þ§í§ç §à§ä §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ö§Û §Ú §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó.

§·§à§â§à§ê§à §á§Ú§ä§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î: §£§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §ß§Ö §à§ë§å§ë§Ñ§ä§î §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ô§à§Ý§à§Õ§Ñ, §ß§à §Ó§ã§Ö §â§Ñ§Ó§ß§à §ã§ä§Ñ§â§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ö§ã§ä§î §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à. §±§â§Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Ý§Ö§Ô§Ü§à §á§à§ä§Ö§â§ñ§ä§î §Ó§Ö§ã §Ú §Ù§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§ç§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ü§å §Ó§Ú§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú§ß§à§Ó ¨C §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ñ§à§Ò§à§â§à§ä, §ã§ì§Ö§ã§ä§î §ã§Ý§Ú§ê§Ü§à§Þ §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Õ§ß§à§Û §á§Ú§ë§Ú §Ú §ß§Ñ§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§î §Ý§Ú§ê§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§Ö§ã. §³§Ò§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ã §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Þ §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §æ§â§å§Ü§ä§à§Ó §Ú §à§Ó§à§ë§Ö§Û §á§à§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö §ä§Ö§Ý§Ñ §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ§Ñ.

§ª§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ô§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Ñ§Ý§Ü§à§Ô§à§Ý§ñ §Ú §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó: §¡§Ý§Ü§à§Ô§à§Ý§î §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ú§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §á§Ñ§â§å §é§Ñ§ã§à§Ó, §ß§à §Ó §Õ§à§Ý§Ô§à§ã§â§à§é§ß§à§Û §á§Ö§â§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§Ö §à§ß §Ý§Ú§ê§î §å§ã§å§Ô§å§Ò§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð. §´§à §Ø§Ö §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ö §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ú §å§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ§â§Ü§à§ä§Ú§Ü§à§Ó, §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ü§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ã§Ñ, §Ñ§Þ§æ§Ö§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ, §Ü§à§Ü§Ñ§Ú§ß§Ñ §Ú §ï§Ü§ã§ä§Ñ§Ù§Ú.

§³§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Þ §ã§ß§Ñ: §³§ä§Ñ§â§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ý§à§Ø§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã§á§Ñ§ä§î §Ú §á§â§à§ã§í§á§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú §ä§à §Ø§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ. §±§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §ã§ß§à§Þ §Ù§Ñ§Û§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §é§Ö§Þ-§ß§Ú§Ò§å§Õ§î §å§ã§á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §Ú §á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§í§Þ, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §á§à§ã§Ý§å§ê§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§å§ð §Þ§å§Ù§í§Ü§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§à§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Ü§ß§Ú§Ô§å. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ù§Ñ§ã§ß§å§ä§î, §Ó§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§î§ä§Ö §ã §Ü§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ú §Ú §á§à§á§â§à§Ò§å§Û§ä§Ö §å§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §ä§Ú§ç§à §á§à§ã§Ú§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ö.

§±§à§á§â§à§Ò§å§Û§ä§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §å§á§â§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ: §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä§Ö §ß§Ñ§á§â§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §á§à§á§â§à§Ò§å§Û§ä§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §å§á§â§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Û§à§Ô§å, §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§Ñ§Ø, §Ñ§â§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ð §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ó§Ñ§ã §å§ã§á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä.

§©§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §ä§Ö§Þ, §é§ä§à §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ß§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§ã§ñ: §²§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à §å§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ß§â§Ñ§Ó§ñ§ä§ã§ñ ¨C §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Ó §Ú§Ô§â§í, §é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ§Ú §å§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú.

§µ§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §à §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú: §³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ü§ß§Ú§Ô §Ú §ã§Ñ§Û§ä§à§Ó §à §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú. §°§ß§Ú §á§à§Õ§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ø§å§ä §Ó§Ñ§Þ, §é§ä§à §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à §ã §Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Õ§â§å§Ù§î§ñ§Þ §Ú §â§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§î, §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §é§ä§à §Ó§í §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö.

§±§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Õ§à§Ò§â§à§ä§å §Ü §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö: §£§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §Ó§í §á§Ö§â§æ§Ö§Ü§è§Ú§à§ß§Ú§ã§ä, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Ù§Ñ§Ô§à§ß§ñ§Ö§ä §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ó §ã§ä§â§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ú. §±§à§ã§ä§Ñ§â§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §è§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§Ø§Ú§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §¢§å§Õ§î§ä§Ö §Õ§à§Ò§â§Ö§Ö §Ü §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Þ§å §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö.

§¥§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§â§í§Ó§í: §°§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§î§ã§ñ §à§ä §á§â§Ú§Ó§í§é§ß§à§Û §â§å§ä§Ú§ß§í §ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Õ§ß§Ö§Û §Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §à§é§Ö§ß§î §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§à. §¥§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §à§ä§Õ§à§ç§ß§å§ä§î §à§ä §Ö§Ø§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ §Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§ä. §³§Þ§Ö§ß§Ñ §à§Ò§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ü§Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §é§Ñ§ã§à§Ó §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§à §á§à§Þ§à§é§î.

§£§ã§ä§å§á§Ú§ä§Ö §Ó §Ô§â§å§á§á§å §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú: §±§â§Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Þ§å. §°§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú, §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ú§Þ§Ú§ã§ñ §Ó §á§à§ç§à§Ø§Ö§Û §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î. §£ §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö §ï§ä§à§Û §Ò§â§à§ê§ð§â§í §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ã§á§Ú§ã§à§Ü §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§í.

§¯§Ö §ä§Ö§â§ñ§Û§ä§Ö §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ø§Õ§í: §¯§Ñ§á§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§Ö §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö, §é§ä§à §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ö§Û §Ú §Ó§í§Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú ¨C §Ñ §ï§ä§à §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä, §é§ä§à §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä, §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ö§Ö §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§î §Ú §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ.

§¬§Ñ§Ü§å§ð §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§î §á§â§Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú?

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§à§á§í§ä§Ü§Ú §Ó§í§Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§Ö§ä§î §ß§Ö §á§â§Ú§ß§à§ã§ñ§ä §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§Ù§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §ã§Ý§Ú§ê§Ü§à§Þ §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§Ö§Ö, §é§Ö§Þ §Ó§í §Ò§í §ç§à§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú, §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §ã§ä§à§Ú§ä §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ§å §Ý§Ö§é§Ñ§ë§Ö§Þ§å §Ó§â§Ñ§é§å.

§¢§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ö§Û §Ý§Ö§é§Ñ§ä§ã§ñ §å §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Ô§à §Ý§Ö§é§Ñ§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ñ§é§Ñ. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §ß§Ö§ä §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ý§Ö§é§Ñ§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ñ§é§Ñ, §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§â§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §ß§Ñ§Û§ä§Ú §Ó§â§Ñ§é§Ñ §Ó §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à§Û §á§à§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ú§ß§Ú§Ü§Ö; §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à §Ò§í§ä§î §Ü§à§Þ§æ§à§â§ä§ß§à §ã §ß§Ú§Þ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ä§î §Ú §å§Õ§à§Ò§ß§à §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à §á§â§Ú-§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ü §ß§Ö§Þ§å §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ.

§£§Ñ§ê §Ý§Ö§é§Ñ§ë§Ú§Û §Ó§â§Ñ§é §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §à§Ò§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ä§î §ã §Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §Ú §Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ö§Ö §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö.

§­§å§é§ê§Ú§Û §Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§Ñ§ß§ä §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ö§ä§î §à§ä §ä§Ö§Ü§å§ë§Ö§Ô§à §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ö§Ö §Õ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §ï§á§Ú§Ù§à§Õ§à§Ó §Ó §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Þ.

§£§Ñ§ê §Ý§Ö§é§Ñ§ë§Ú§Û §Ó§â§Ñ§é §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§â§å§é§Ú§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§â§à§Û§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ú§Û §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §à§ã§Þ§à§ä§â. §¿§ä§à §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §ã §ä§Ö§Þ, §é§ä§à §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ð §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§í§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ã§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §£§Ñ§Þ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ú§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ§å §Ý§Ö§é§Ñ§ë§Ö§Þ§å §Ó§â§Ñ§é§å §à §Ý§ð§Ò§í§ç §ã§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§ç, §à§ä §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ó§í §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö.

§¯§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö (§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ)

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §Ó§á§Ö§â§Ó§í§Ö §ã§ä§à§Ý§Ü§ß§å§Ý§Ú§ã§î §ã §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ö§Û, §Ó§Ñ§Þ, §ã§Ü§à§â§Ö§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à, §ß§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§í. §£§Ñ§ê §Ý§Ö§é§Ñ§ë§Ú§Û §Ó§â§Ñ§é §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§ä§î §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ó§Þ§Ö§ê§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§à§Û §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§ß§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú (§Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ), §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â:1 2

  • §Ò§â§à§ê§ð§â§í §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ü§ß§Ú§Ô§Ú, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§Ñ§ç §Ü§à§Ô§ß§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à-§á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§Ú (§¬§±§´) (§à§Õ§à§Ò§â§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Þ)
  • §Ü§à§Þ§á§î§ð§ä§Ö§â§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §¬§±§´ (§ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §à§Õ§à§Ò§â§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Þ)
  • §Ô§â§å§á§á§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ
  • §Ô§â§å§á§á§à§Ó§Ñ§ñ §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ý§Ú§Ò§à §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ö, §Ý§Ú§Ò§à §ß§Ñ §¬§±§´.

§£§Ñ§ê §Ý§Ö§é§Ñ§ë§Ú§Û §Ó§â§Ñ§é §á§à§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ó§í§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§Ñ§ã §Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§Ñ§ß§ä.

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §ß§Ú§é§Ö§Ô§à §Ú§Ù §Ó§í§ê§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ö §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä, §Ý§Ö§é§Ñ§ë§Ú§Û §Ó§â§Ñ§é §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§ä§î §á§à§á§â§à§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §à§Õ§ß§å §Ú§Ù §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§Ú§Ü, §à§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ó §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Þ §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö §à §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §å§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ú §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§à§Û §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú.

§¥§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ö§Ö §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö (§å§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ú §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ)

§£§Ñ§ê §Ý§Ö§é§Ñ§ë§Ú§Û §Ó§â§Ñ§é §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§ä§î §á§à§á§â§à§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ó§Þ§Ö§ê§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§à§Û §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§ß§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§à§Ó, §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§à§Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§ä§î §à§Ò§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§Ñ§ß§ä§Ñ.1 §¬§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §ã §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ú§Þ §Ó§â§Ñ§é§à§Þ §á§à§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ó§í§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§Û §Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§Ñ§ß§ä §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.

§±§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ó§Þ§Ö§ê§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ

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§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§Þ§Ö§ê§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§â§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ø§Õ§Ñ§ä§î, §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §à§Ò§ã§å§Õ§Ú§ä§î §ã §Ó§â§Ñ§é§à§Þ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§í §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §à§Ø§Ú§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ.

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§µ §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §Ú§Ù §ß§Ñ§ã §Ö§ã§ä§î §ã§Ü§Ý§à§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ü §ß§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Þ§å §Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Ü §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ö§Ö §Ó§ß§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§ä §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ú§ç §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Û. §¬§±§´ §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä:

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  2. §Ó§í§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ä§î §ß§à§Ó§í§Ö, §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§í§Ö §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§í §Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.

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§®§Ö§Ø§Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§ß§Ñ§ñ §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ (§®§´)

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§±§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ

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§±§ã§Ú§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ

§¿§ä§Ñ §á§â§à§è§Ö§Õ§å§â§Ñ §á§à§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§Ñ§Þ §å§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§î §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Ô§à §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Ô§à §à§á§í§ä§Ñ §ß§Ñ §ß§í§ß§Ö§ê§ß§ð§ð §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î.

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§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ñ §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ §å§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §å§Ø§Ö §Õ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ, §Ó§â§Ñ§é §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ü§å§â§ã §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§à§Ó, §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §ï§ä§à §ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Û §Ú§ß§Ô§Ú§Ò§Ú§ä§à§â §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§ç§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ñ §ã§Ö§â§à§ä§à§ß§Ú§ß§Ñ (§³§ª§°§©§³).1 32 §°§ß §à§Ò§ã§å§Õ§Ú§ä §ã §Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä §á§à§Õ§à§Û§Õ§Ö§ä §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à ¨C §ï§ä§à §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§ä §à§ä §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ñ §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ó §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Þ, §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó §Ú §ã§à§á§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ §ã§à §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö§Þ.

§¦§ã§ä§î §Ý§Ú §å §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§à§Ó §á§à§Ò§à§é§ß§í§Ö §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§í?

§¬§Ñ§Ü §Ú §Ó§ã§Ö §Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§í §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §á§à§Ò§à§é§ß§í§Ö §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§í, §ç§à§ä§ñ §à§ß§Ú §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §ã§Ý§Ñ§Ò§à §Ó§í§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ú §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ä §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §á§Ñ§â§å §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§î.32 33

§£§Ñ§ê §Ó§â§Ñ§é §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ, §é§Ö§Ô§à §à§Ø§Ú§Õ§Ñ§ä§î; §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü §ß§Ö§Þ§å §á§à §Ý§ð§Ò§í§Þ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§à§Þ §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §á§à§Ò§à§é§ß§í§ç §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó. §ª§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §à §ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§Ñ §Ó §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §Ü §Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§å.

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§à§ß§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§î, §Ö§Ô§à §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §ß§à§é§î ¨C §ä§Ñ§Ü §à§ß §á§à§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§Ñ§Þ §å§ã§ß§å§ä§î. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§à§ß§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§î §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§ß§ñ, §Õ§à §Ú§ã§é§Ö§Ù§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ö §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Þ§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ä§î §ã §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §¡§Ý§Ü§à§Ô§à§Ý§î §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §ã§à§ß§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§î, §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ä§î §Ö§Ô§à §Ó§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ö§ä§à§Ü.34

§£ §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ö §à§ä §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó, §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§Ó§í§Ü§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö (§ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ú§Ü§à§ä§Ú§ß §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ñ§Ý§Ü§à§Ô§à§Ý§î), §Ó§í §ß§Ö §á§à§é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä§Ö §ä§ñ§Ô§å §Ü §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§Ñ§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§ë§å§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §é§ä§à §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ß§å§Ø§ß§à §å§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§à§Ù§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.1

§¬§Ñ§Ü §Õ§à§Ý§Ô§à §ß§å§Ø§ß§à §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§í?

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§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §ã§å§Ú§è§Ú§Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö 30 §Ý§Ö§ä, §ä§à §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §é§ä§à §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§â§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§ã§Ö§ë§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§â§Ñ§é§Ñ §é§Ñ§ë§Ö (§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§å§ð §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ð). §¿§ä§à §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §ã §ä§Ö§Þ, §é§ä§à §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§í §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§å§Ú§è§Ú§Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú, §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §å §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û.1

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä, §Ó§í §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§ç §ß§Ö §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ö 6 §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è§Ö§Ó, §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä§Ö §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §¿§ä§à §á§à§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ã§ß§Ú§Ù§Ú§ä§î §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ó§à§Ù§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú.1

§£§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §Ó§Ñ§ê §Ü§å§â§ã §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ñ §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §á§â§à§Õ§Ý§Ö§ß, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§ß§Ö§Ö §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §ï§á§Ú§Ù§à§Õ§í. §£§â§Ñ§é §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ú§ä §Ó§Ñ§Þ, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §á§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ï§ä§à §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à.

§£§ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§á§ß§à§Ö §á§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ñ §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§à§Ó §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Ü §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ã§Ú§ß§Õ§â§à§Þ§Ñ §à§ä§Þ§Ö§ß§í. §°§ß §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ã§à §ã§ß§à§Þ, §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ, §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó §Ø§Ö§Ý§å§Õ§Ü§Ö.1

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §é§ä§à §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Û §Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä §ß§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä (§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§ß§à §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù 3-4 §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ñ), §á§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö §ã §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ú§Þ §Ó§â§Ñ§é§à§Þ ¨C §à§ß §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §Õ§à§Ù§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§Ñ§ã §ß§Ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Û §ä§Ú§á §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.1

§±§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§à§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú (§ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ)

§¢§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ö§Û §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó§ã§ð §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§å§ð §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î §à§ä §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Ô§à §Ý§Ö§é§Ñ§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ñ§é§Ñ. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ñ §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ §ß§Ö §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §å §Ý§Ö§é§Ñ§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ñ§é§Ñ §Ú §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ß§å§Ø§ß§Ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î, §Ó§Ñ§ã §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §Ü §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §å§Ù§Ü§à§Þ§å §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§å §á§à §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ð §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Ü §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§Ú§Þ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ§Þ.1

§³§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä §á§à §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ð §Ù§Ñ§ç§à§é§Ö§ä §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §à §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §Ó §è§Ö§Ý§à§Þ §Ú §à §Ý§ð§Ò§í§ç §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§í§ç §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ç, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§Ý§Ú §Ò§í§ä§î §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §Ó §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Þ.

§°§ß §ã§á§â§à§ã§Ú§ä §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§à §Ó §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ó §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ §Ú §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ý§Ú §Ó§í §å§Ø§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§ä §ß§Ö§Ö.

§ª§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ñ §Ó§ã§Ö §ï§ä§Ú §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í, §ß§à §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§å§ð §Ó§í §Õ§Ñ§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö, §á§à§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§â§Ñ§é§å §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§ã §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§î §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à §ä§à§Þ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§Ñ§ß§ä§í §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§à§Õ§à§Û§Õ§å§ä.

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ñ §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§Ö§ä §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ô§à§ã§á§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§à§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §®§Ö§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §á§â§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ñ§ä §Ù§Ñ §ä§Ö§Þ, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ó§í §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Ú §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ö§Ö §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å.

§¿§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ã§å§Õ§à§â§à§Ø§ß§Ñ§ñ §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ (§¿§³§´)

§¿§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ã§å§Õ§à§â§à§Ø§ß§Ñ§ñ §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ (§ã§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§ß§à §¿§³§´) §Ó §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§à§Þ §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ:

  • §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§à§Û §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Õ §å§Ô§â§à§Ù§à§Û §Ú §Ö§Þ§å §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §ã§â§à§é§ß§à§Ö §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö
  • §å§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§à§Û §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Ö §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä.1

§¿§³§´ §ã§à§ã§ä§à§Ú§ä §Ó §á§â§à§á§å§ã§Ü§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ä§à§Ü§Ñ §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §Þ§à§Ù§Ô, §á§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §à§ß§Ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ò§à§Ý§î§ß§Ú§è§Ö §á§à§Õ §à§Ò§ë§Ú§Þ §ß§Ñ§â§Ü§à§Ù§à§Þ. §µ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §ã §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§î§ð §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §¿§³§´.

§¡§Ý§î§ä§Ö§â§ß§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§í §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ

§¿§Ü§ã§ä§â§Ñ§Ü§ä §Ù§Ó§Ö§â§à§Ò§à§ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §á§â§Ú§à§Ò§â§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §Þ§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ù§Ú§ß§Ñ§ç §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ñ§á§ä§Ö§Ü§Ñ§ç. §¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ä §Ö§Ô§à §á§â§Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú. §°§Ò§í§é§ß§à §Ó§â§Ñ§é§Ú §ß§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §Ú §ß§Ö §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§å§ð§ä §Ö§Ô§à, §á§à§ä§à§Þ§å §é§ä§à:

  • §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Õ§à§Ù§Ñ §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §ß§Ö§ñ§ã§ß§Ñ
  • §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§Ö §Ó§Ú§Õ§í §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §á§à §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó
  • §à§ß §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§í§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§í§Ö §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §á§â§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ö §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú (§à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §ã §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§Ù§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ö§ä§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Ü§à§Ñ§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§ß§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó§à§ã§å§Õ§à§â§à§Ø§ß§í§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú).1

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §ß§å§Ø§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ó §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §á§à§Õ§â§à§Ò§ß§à§Û §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Þ§å §Ý§Ö§é§Ñ§ë§Ö§Þ§å §Ó§â§Ñ§é§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§à§Ó§Ú§Ù§à§â§å.

§¬§Ñ§Ü §ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§å, §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ö§Þ§å§ã§ñ §Ó §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú?

  • §³§Ý§å§ê§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö. §¯§Ñ §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ§ç §ï§ä§à §Ù§Ó§å§é§Ú§ä §Ý§Ö§Ô§é§Ö, §é§Ö§Þ §Ö§ã§ä§î §ß§Ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Þ §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö. §£§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§â§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ý§í§ê§Ñ§ä§î §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú §ä§à §Ø§Ö §á§à §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §â§Ñ§Ù. §°§Ò§í§é§ß§à §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö §ß§Ö §Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§à§Ó, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §à §ß§Ú§ç §ß§Ö §á§â§à§ã§ñ§ä, §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ß§à §à§é§Ö§Ó§Ú§Õ§ß§í§Þ. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §Ó§í§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Û-§ä§à §Ü§à§ß§Ü§â§Ö§ä§ß§à§Û §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§à§Û, §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §ß§Ñ§Û§ä§Ú §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §ç§à§ä§ñ §Ò§í §á§à§Õ§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò §á§â§Ö§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û.
  • §±§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ. §±§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§à §á§â§à§ã§ä§à §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §ã §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§à§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú. §£§Ñ§ê§Ñ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Ò§å§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ú§ç §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §Ú §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§ã§Ö §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§Ö, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö.
  • §°§Ò§à§Õ§â§ñ§Û§ä§Ö. §¹§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§å, §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ö§Þ§å§ã§ñ §Ó §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à §á§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ú§ä§î §Ó §á§Ö§â§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§å §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §£§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§Ú§ä§î §Ö§Ô§à, §é§ä§à §Ó§ã§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ, §à§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §é§ä§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §å§ä§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö §à§Õ§Ú§ß §â§Ñ§Ù.
  • §±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Ú§ç §á§à§á§í§ä§Ü§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í §à §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö. §±§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§ñ§Û§ä§Ö, §á§à§Ü§å§á§Ñ§ð§ä §Ý§Ú §à§ß§Ú §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§à §Ö§Õ§í, §å§á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §Ý§Ú §á§Ú§ë§å §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à, §á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ý§Ú §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§í§Þ §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §æ§â§å§Ü§ä§à§Ó §Ú §à§Ó§à§ë§Ö§Û. §£§í §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ú§Þ §Ó§í§Û§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ §å§Ý§Ú§è§å §Ú §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §å§á§â§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§à §å§á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ñ§Ý§Ü§à§Ô§à§Ý§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ñ§â§Ü§à§ä§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §â§Ñ§Õ§Ú §á§â§Ö§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó.
  • §£§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§à. §£§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§à, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ú§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ç§å§Ø§Ö §Ú §à§ß§Ú §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ð§ä §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §à §ß§Ö§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ø§Ú§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §ß§Ñ§Þ§Ö§Ü§Ñ§ð§ä §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ. §µ§Ò§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ú §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ú§Ý§Ú §à§Ò §ï§ä§à§Þ §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ§å §Ó§â§Ñ§é§å.
  • §±§à§à§ë§â§ñ§Û§ä§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î. §±§à§à§ë§â§ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §á§à§ã§Ö§ë§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§â§Ñ§é§Ñ, §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §à§Ò§ë§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §Ý§Ö§é§Ñ§ë§Ú§Þ §Ó§â§Ñ§é§à§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§à§Þ. §±§à§ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§å§Û§ä§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§î §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §ã §Ó§â§Ñ§é§à§Þ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ú§ç §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§ñ§ä §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.
  • §³§Ý§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §Ù§Ñ §ã§à§Ò§à§Û. §±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ó §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ú§ã§ä§à§ë§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§ã §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à, §á§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §ß§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §à §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö §Ú §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ú.

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î, §é§ä§à §Ü§ä§à-§ä§à §Ú§Ù §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ú§ç §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ§í§ç §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ã§Ü§Ý§à§ß§Ö§ß §Ü §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§å§Ò§Ú§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å

§¯§Ö§Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§à§Û §á§â§à§è§Ö§ß§ä §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û, §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ö§Û, §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§á§í§ä§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ú§ä§î §á§à§á§í§ä§Ü§Ú §ã§å§Ú§è§Ú§Õ§Ñ.35 36

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ù§Ñ §Ü§à§Ô§à-§ä§à, §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à §á§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §ã §ï§ä§Ú§Þ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§à§Þ §à §ã§å§Ú§è§Ú§Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Þ§í§ã§Ý§ñ§ç §Ú §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§ç, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §à§ä§ß§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§ã§î §Ü §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Þ§å §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§à. 

§£§à§á§â§à§ã§í §à §ã§å§Ú§è§Ú§Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Þ§í§ã§Ý§ñ§ç §ß§Ö §á§à§Ò§å§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §à §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§å§Ò§Ú§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Ú §ß§Ö §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§å§Ú§è§Ú§Õ§Ñ.37 38

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö, §é§ä§à §Ó§í§ê§Ö §à§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ß§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§à, §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §à§Õ§ß§å §Ú§Ù §á§Ö§â§Ö§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ß§Ú§Ø§Ö §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò §Ù§Ñ §Õ§à§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§à§Û §Ú §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§à§Þ.

§°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ ?Zero Suicide Alliance? §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§ß§í§Ö §à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß-§ä§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ß§Ô§Ú §á§à §à§ã§Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §à §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§å§Ò§Ú§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§ç §Ú §Ú§ç §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ä§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ð; §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ü §ß§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ç§à§ä§ñ§ä §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §Ú §å§Ò§Ö§â§Ö§é§î §Ü§à§Ô§à-§ä§à §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ü§à§Ô§à.

§±§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §á§â§Ú §ã§å§Ú§è§Ú§Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Þ§í§ã§Ý§ñ§ç

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î §á§â§ñ§Þ§à §ã§Ö§Û§é§Ñ§ã, §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ó §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§í, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§à§Þ§à§é§î:

§±§à §Ó§ã§Ö§Û §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Ò§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú

  • §±§à§Ù§Ó§à§ß§Ú§ä§Ö §Ó §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§å "Samaritans" §á§à §ß§à§Þ§Ö§â§å 116 123 (§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§ß§à), §ß§Ñ§á§Ú§ê§Ú§ä§Ö §ß§Ñ §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§ß§å§ð §á§à§é§ä§å jo@samaritans.org §Ú§Ý§Ú
  • §°§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ó §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ð ?National Health Service (NHS)? §á§à §ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß§å 111 (§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§ß§à) §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§à§ã§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§Ö §Ú§ç §Ó§Ö§Ò-§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è§å §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö:
  • §³§Ó§ñ§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §ã§à §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §Ý§Ö§é§Ñ§ë§Ú§Þ §Ó§â§Ñ§é§à§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§â§à§é§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ñ (§á§à §ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§à §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§à§ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú)
  • §°§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ó §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§å§ð §Ü§â§Ú§Ù§Ú§ã§ß§å§ð §Ô§â§å§á§á§å §á§à §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ð (§Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §ß§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö, §Ü §Ü§à§Þ§å §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ, §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó ?National Health Service (NHS)? §á§à §ß§à§Þ§Ö§â§å 111)
  • §±§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§Ö §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å §à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß §á§â§Ú §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú

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  • §±§à§ã§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§Ö §ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ú§ã (§º§à§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§ñ) §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ó§à§ß§Ú§ä§Ö §á§à §ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß§å 0800 83 85 87 (§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§ß§à)

    §³§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §ª§â§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§ñ

  • §±§à§ã§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§Ö §ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ú§ã (§º§à§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§ñ) §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ó§à§ß§Ú§ä§Ö §á§à §ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß§å 0808 808 8000 (§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§ß§à)

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä§Ö, §é§ä§à §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§à§Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ä§î §ã§à §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ§Ú §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Û §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §ß§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§à, §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§ß§Ú§ä§Ö §á§à §ß§à§Þ§Ö§â§å 999 §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ó §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ø§Ñ§Û§ê§Ö§Ö §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö§à§ä§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§Û §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§î§ß§Ú§è§í (§Ú§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ö§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §ã§Ü§à§â§à§Û §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú) . §£§í §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §á§à§á§â§à§ã§Ú§ä§î §Ü§à§Ô§à-§ä§à §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Ô§à §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§ß§Ú§ä§î §á§à §ß§à§Þ§Ö§â§å 999 §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§ä§Ó§Ö§Ù§ä§Ú §Ó§Ñ§ã §Ó §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö§à§ä§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§Û §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú.

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§°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ :  §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ APNI §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ö§Û, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §à§ä §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§â§à§Õ§à§Ó§à§Û §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú. §¥§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§Õ§Ú §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§ã§Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§Ò §ï§ä§à§Þ §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú §á§à§à§ë§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ö§Ô§à §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß §Ú §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§í. §´§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§Ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú: 0207 386 0868 (§ã 10:00 §Õ§à 14:00 §á§à §Ò§å§Õ§ß§ñ§Þ).

§°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ : §Ü§â§å§á§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ñ§ñ §Ó §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Ò§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §è§Ö§Ý§î§ð §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ö §Ü §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô§Ñ§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §é§Ö§â§ß§à§Ü§à§Ø§Ú§ç, §Ñ§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ß§è§Ö§Ó, §Ó§í§ç§à§Õ§è§Ö§Ó §Ú§Ù §À§Ø§ß§à§Û §¡§Ù§Ú§Ú §Ú §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß §¬§Ñ§â§Ú§Ò§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ò§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§Û§ß§Ñ. §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §à §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö, §Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ä §ã§á§Ú§ã§à§Ü §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§í§ç §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä§à§Ó §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §á§à§ã§Ö§ë§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ö§Ñ§ß§ã§í §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§Ú, §å§ã§ä§â§Ñ§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Þ§Ö§â§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ, §ä§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ß§Ô§Ú §Ú §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §¿§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§à§é§ä§Ñ: connect@baatn.org.uk

§°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ : §ß§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ò§à§â§î§Ò§å §ã §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ö§Û §Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§å§Ò§Ú§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§í§ç §Þ§å§Ø§é§Ú§ß. §¡§ß§à§ß§Ú§Þ§ß§í§Û §ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ú§ñ: 0800 58 58 58 (17:00 §Õ§à 00:00 §Ò§Ö§Ù §Ó§í§ç§à§Õ§ß§í§ç).

§°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ : §ß§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ô§â§å§á§á§Ñ §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ö§Û.  §¿§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§à§é§ä§Ñ: info@depressionuk.org

§°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ : §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§ä§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Þ§å§Ø§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §Ó §¡§ß§Ô§Ý§Ú§Ú, §µ§ï§Ý§î§ã§Ö §Ú §º§à§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§Ú §á§å§ä§Ö§Þ §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û, §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§ã§Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §à §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ç §Þ§å§Ø§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ, §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ. §´§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß: 020 7922 7908.

§°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ : §à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß-§ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à, §Ô§Õ§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§î §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å §à§ä §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §á§à§ç§à§Ø§Ú§Þ §à§á§í§ä§à§Þ.

§°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ : §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§ä§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§í §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ, §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ, §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §ã §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö§Þ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §à §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§ç §Ô§â§å§á§á§Ñ§ç §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú. §´§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§Ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú: 0300 123 3393 (9:00 -18:00 §á§à §Ò§å§Õ§ß§ñ§Þ). §´§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û §Ü§Ñ§Ü . §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §ß§Ñ§Û§ä§Ú §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§å§ð §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§å §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §ß§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ü§à §à§ä §Ó§Ñ§ã.

: §³§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§Ñ §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §­§¤§¢§´§¬-§ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð, §à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß-§á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å, §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§á§à§Þ§à§ë§î, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ä §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§ß§å§ð §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î. §´§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß: 01273 234 839 §¿§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§à§é§ä§Ñ: info@mindout.org.uk

§¯§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ó§à§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ : §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §à §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ñ §Ü §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô§Ñ§Þ §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ

§°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ : §ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ú§ñ §ã §à§Ò§å§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å, §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§í §Ú §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §Ó §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö §Õ§à 35 §Ý§Ö§ä, §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §ã§å§Ú§è§Ú§Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §ä§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ô§å. §´§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ú§ñ: 0800 068 41 41.

§°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §ã§Ö§â§Ó§Ú§ã : §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ö§Þ §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §é§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §³§á§Ú§ã§Ü§Ú §Ü§ß§Ú§Ô §à§Õ§à§Ò§â§Ö§ß§í §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ó§à§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §¬§à§â§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ü§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§Õ§Ø §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§Ñ§ä§â§à§Ó, §Ú §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Õ§ß§à§Þ §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ö §Ó §á§å§Ò§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §Ò§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú§à§ä§Ö§Ü§Ñ§ç.

§°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ : §Ü§â§å§á§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ñ§ñ §Ó §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Ò§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ §Ó §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç. §±§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §â§ñ§Õ §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§ç §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô. §´§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ü§Ú: 0300 003 0396.

§°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ : §ß§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§ä§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ó §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Ò§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú §ª§â§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Þ§å §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§å, §ã§Ü§Ý§à§ß§ß§à§Þ§å §Ü §ã§å§Ú§è§Ú§Õ§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ö§Þ§å§ã§ñ §Ó §Ò§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú. §´§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§Ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú: 116 123. §¿§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§à§é§ä§Ñ: jo@samaritans.org

§°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ : §ß§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ü§â§å§Ô§Ý§à§ã§å§ä§à§é§ß§Ñ§ñ §ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ý§Ú§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú, §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å §Ú §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û, §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §à§ä §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ §ã §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö§Þ. §´§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§Ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú: 0300 304 700 (§Ö§Ø§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§à §ã 16:30 §Õ§à 22:30). §¿§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§à§é§ä§Ñ: support@sane.org.uk

§°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ : §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ §­§¤§¢§´§¬+, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §à§Ò §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô§Ñ§ç §Ú §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§ç §Ô§â§å§á§á§Ñ§ç §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú. §¢§Ö§ã§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§ß§í§Û §ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß: 0800 050 2020 (9:30-16:30 §á§à §Ò§å§Õ§ß§ñ§Þ) §¿§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§à§é§ä§Ñ:info@stonewall.org.uk

§°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ : §ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ú§ñ §­§¤§¢§´§¬+, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð, §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å §Ú §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§é§ß§å§ð §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§å §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç, §Ü§ä§à §ç§à§é§Ö§ä §à§Ò§ã§å§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã §Ú§ç §ã§Ö§Ü§ã§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ú/§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ô§Ö§ß§Õ§Ö§â§ß§à§Û §Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö. §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§Ñ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ñ §Ó , §á§à §ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß§å: 0300 330 0360 (§Ö§Ø§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§à §ã 10:00 §Õ§à 22:00), §á§à §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§ß§à§Û §á§à§é§ä§Ö: chris@switchboard.lgbt

§°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ : §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§ä§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §è§Ö§Ý§î§ð §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Û §Ú §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ó §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö §Õ§à 25 §Ý§Ö§ä.
 §´§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û: 0808 802 5544 (§ã 9:30 §Õ§à 16:00 §ã §á§à§ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ §á§à §á§ñ§ä§ß§Ú§è§å).

§°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ : §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§ß§í§ç §à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß-§ä§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ß§Ô §á§à §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §à §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§å§Ò§Ú§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§ç §Ú §Ú§ç §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ä§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ð, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å §ä§Ö§Þ, §à §Ü§à§Þ §à§ß§Ú §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§ñ§ä§ã§ñ.

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§±§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§à §â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ü§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§Þ §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§à§Þ §¬§à§â§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§Õ§Ø§Ñ §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§Ñ§ä§â§à§Ó ?RCPsych? §á§à §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ð §ã §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ú §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §á§Ñ§â§ä§ß§Ö§â§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§à§Þ §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health).

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This translation was produced by CLEAR Global (April 2023)


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