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§¯§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú §Ú §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ

Memory problems and dementia

Below is a Russian translation of our information resource on memory problems and dementia. You can also read our other Russian translations.

§³ §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§à§Þ §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù §ß§Ñ§ã §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ò§í§Ó§é§Ú§Ó§í§Þ§Ú.

§´§à§ä §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä, §é§ä§à §Ù§Ñ§Ò§í§Ó§é§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§î §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §â§Ñ§ß§ß§Ú§Þ §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§Ú §¡§Ý§î§è§Ô§Ö§Û§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ, §Ý§Ö§Ô§Ü§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§Ó§à§Õ§à§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.

§¯§à §Õ§Ý§ñ §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß. §´§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §å §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ú§Ù §ß§Ñ§ã §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§å§ä §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §ã§Ö§â§î§×§Ù§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú. §¯§Ñ §ï§ä§à§Û §Ó§Ö§Ò-§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ú§Ù §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß §å§ç§å§Õ§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §Ó§Ú§Õ§í §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Û, §Ú §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§í §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §á§à §á§à§Ó§à§Õ§å §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §é§î§Ö§Û-§ä§à §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú.

§®§ß§à§Ô§à§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ§ê§å §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§î, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã, §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ, §Ô§à§â§Ö §Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§Ú, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§Ü §Ó§Ú§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú§ß§à§Ó §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ú§ß§æ§Ö§Ü§è§Ú§Ú.1

§¯§Ú§Ø§Ö §Þ§í §ã§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§à§ä§à§é§Ú§Þ§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ó§å§ç §Ü§à§ß§Ü§â§Ö§ä§ß§í§ç §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§ç §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú: §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ, §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ§ã§ñ §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§ç §æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§ç, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§î §¡§Ý§î§è§Ô§Ö§Û§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ, §Ú §å§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ü§à§Ô§ß§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à (§µ§¬§²).

§¹§ä§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ?

§¥§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ ? §ï§ä§à §à§Ò§ë§Ú§Û §ä§Ö§â§Þ§Ú§ß §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§â§å§á§á§í §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û, §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §ß§Ñ §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§î.

  • §£§Ñ§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ö§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ä§î §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§í, §Ú §á§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §ã §Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ. §¿§ä§à §å§ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§Ñ§ê§å §á§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§å§ð §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î.
  • §¿§ä§Ú §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §å§ã§å§Ô§å§Ò§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú ?§á§â§à§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§â§å§ð§ä?. §°§ß§Ú §ß§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§î§ð §Ö§ã§ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§Ñ§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.2

§¦§ã§ä§î §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à §ä§Ú§á§à§Ó §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú. §£§ã§Ö §à§ß§Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §á§à§ä§Ö§â§ð §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú, §ß§à §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í, §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§ñ§ë§Ú§Ö §à§ä §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§í §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §¥§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ §é§Ñ§ë§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú, §ß§à §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §ã §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ö§Û §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ú§Þ§Ö§ä§î §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã§à §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ:

  • §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§í§ç §Õ§Ö§Ý
  • §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú.

§µ §ß§Ú§ç §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú, §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§î §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.

§±§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ ?§á§â§à§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä?, §ã§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Þ §á§à§Õ§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §Ó§ã§× §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ö§ä§î §à§ä §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç.

§¯§Ñ§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ?

§£ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ó §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Ò§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §à§ä §ß§Ö§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö 850 000 §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü.3 §³ §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§à§Þ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §é§Ñ§ë§Ö, §á§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å:

  • §Ó §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö 65 §Ý§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§ß§à §å 2 §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §Ú§Ù 100 §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ.
  • §Ó §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö 85 §Ý§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§ß§à §å 1 §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ú§Ù 5 §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§ñ-§ä§à §ã§ä§Ñ§Õ§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú.4 

§ª§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ß§Ñ§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û, §ç§à§ä§ñ §ï§ä§à §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§à.

§¹§ä§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §å§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ü§à§Ô§ß§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à?

§µ§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ü§à§Ô§ß§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à (§µ§¬§²) ? §ï§ä§à §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ö §ã§Ö§â§î§×§Ù§ß§à§Ö §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú. §°§ß§à §ß§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à §Þ§Ö§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §á§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§à§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ú §ß§Ö §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ã§Ö§â§î§×§Ù§ß§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ö§Û. §£§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§î, §é§ä§à §Ó§í:

  • §Ù§Ñ§Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û, §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ, §á§Ñ§â§à§Ý§Ú
  • §ä§Ö§â§ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ó§Ö§ë§Ú
  • §Ù§Ñ§Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §ä§à, §é§ä§à §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú.

§³§â§Ö§Õ§Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã§ä§Ñ§â§ê§Ö 65 §Ý§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§ß§à §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Ú§Ù 10, §ã§Ü§à§â§Ö§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à, §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä §µ§¬§². §±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§ß§à §å §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Ô§à §Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§à§Ô§à §Ú§Ù §ß§Ú§ç §Ó §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Þ §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §Ó§Ù§ñ§ä§à§Þ §Ô§à§Õ§å §â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§î§×§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ.5 §±§à§Ü§Ñ §é§ä§à §Þ§í §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î, §å §Ü§à§Ô§à §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ §Ú §å §Ü§à§Ô§à §Ö§× §ß§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä. 

§¬§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §ä§Ú§á§í §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú?

§¯§Ú§Ø§Ö §Þ§í §à§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ §ã§Ñ§Þ§í§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§×§ß§ß§í§Ö §ä§Ú§á§í §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú. §¯§à §Ú§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §å §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ã§â§Ñ§Ù§å §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §à§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó ? ?§ã§Þ§Ö§ê§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ?. 

§¢§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§î §¡§Ý§î§è§Ô§Ö§Û§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ

§¿§Û§Ý§Ú§ß, 82-§Ý§Ö§ä§ß§ñ§ñ §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§ê§Ñ §ß§Ñ §á§Ö§ß§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ø§Ú§Ó§×§ä §ã 90-§Ý§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§Þ §Þ§å§Ø§Ö§Þ, §å §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §ã§Ý§Ñ§Ò§à§Ö §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö, §Ú §å§ç§Ñ§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ §ß§Ú§Þ. §°§ß§Ñ §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§Ñ §Ú §ß§Ö §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó. 

§©§Ñ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ú§Ö 2 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Õ§à§é§Ö§â§Ú §¿§Û§Ý§Ú§ß §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§Ý§Ú, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ñ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §ä§Ö§â§ñ§Ö§ä §ã§Ó§à§Ú §Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ú §Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Õ§Ñ§ä§î §Þ§å§Ø§å §Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §·§à§ä§ñ §¿§Û§Ý§Ú§ß §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §à§ä§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Þ §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ, §å §Ö§× §Þ§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§í §ä§Ö§á§Ö§â§î §á§à§Þ§ñ§ä§í§Û §Ò§Ñ§Þ§á§Ö§â §Ú §è§Ñ§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ß§í §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ó§Ö§â§ñ§ç, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §¿§Û§Ý§Ú§ß §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §à§Ò§ì§ñ§ã§ß§Ú§ä§î. §µ §ß§Ö§× §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ß§Ö §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ú§ä§î §ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ú§Ù§à§â §ß§à§Ó§í§Þ §á§å§Ý§î§ä§à§Þ. §±§à§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§å §à§ß§Ú §ã§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §ï§ä§Ú §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §ß§Ñ §Ö§× §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä §Ú §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã §à§ä §å§ç§à§Õ§Ñ §Ù§Ñ §Þ§å§Ø§Ö§Þ.

§¿§Û§Ý§Ú§ß §ß§Ö §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç-§ä§à §ã§Ö§â§î§×§Ù§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ §ã §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§î§ð. §°§ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ú §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§Ñ§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Õ§à§é§Ö§â§Ú §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ñ§ä, §é§ä§à §Ú§ç §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Ú§ä §Ö§× §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§î. §±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §Õ§à§Ý§Ô§Ú§ç §å§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§à§Ó §à§ß§Ñ §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §ã §ß§Ú§Þ§Ú §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§×§Þ §Ü §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ§å §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä§å. §´§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §á§â§à§ã§ä§í§ç §ä§Ö§ã§ä§à§Ó §ß§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §¿§Û§Ý§Ú§ß §Ü §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§å §á§à §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú.

§¯§Ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§î §¡§Ý§î§è§Ô§Ö§Û§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ §á§â§Ú§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §à§Ü§à§Ý§à 6 §Ú§Ù 10 §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö§Ó §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú.6 §°§Ò§í§é§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §á§à§ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§ß§à §å§ç§å§Õ§ê§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ. §­§ð§Õ§Ú §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§ð§ä §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ú §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§ã§á§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ, §ç§à§ä§ñ §à§ß§Ú §á§à§Þ§ß§ñ§ä §ä§à, §é§ä§à §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ý§à §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ý§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Õ.

§µ §ß§Ú§ç §ß§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ü§à §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§å§ä§î §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §ä§Ö§Þ, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ó§ã§á§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ü§à§ß§Ü§â§Ö§ä§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ §Ú §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§Þ§Ö§ä§à§Ó. §ª§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §à§ß§Ú §ß§Ö §á§à§Õ§à§Ù§â§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §à §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ç §ã §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§î§ð, §ç§à§ä§ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §Ú§ç §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§ð§ä. §µ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §ã §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ö§Û §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§å§ä§î §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §ä§Ö§Þ, §é§ä§à§Ò§í:

  • §å§é§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §é§Ö§Þ§å-§ä§à §ß§à§Ó§à§Þ§å
  • §Ù§Ñ§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ, §ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ
  • §Ù§Ñ§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§ã§ä
  • §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§Ò§ë§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §ß§Ú§Þ§Ú
  • §Ó§ã§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ä§î, §Ü§å§Õ§Ñ §à§ß§Ú §á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ö§ë§Ú, §Ú §ï§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ú§ç §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§Ñ§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î. §µ §ß§Ú§ç §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ö§ä §à§ë§å§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §é§ä§à §Ü§ä§à-§ä§à §Ò§í§Ý §Ó §Ú§ç §Õ§à§Þ§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ù§ñ§Ý §Ú§ç §Ó§Ö§ë§Ú
  • §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §ã §ß§Ú§Þ§Ú §é§ä§à-§ä§à §ß§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü. §°§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ã§Ö§â§Õ§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ú§Þ §á§í§ä§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Þ§à§é§î.

§¿§ä§Ú §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§ã§× §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§Ö§Ö §à§ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§ñ§ð§ä §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§ã§ä§í§ç §á§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§í§ç §Õ§Ö§Ý. 

§­§ð§Õ§Ú, §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ§í§Ö §ã §Ò§à§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§î§ð §¡§Ý§î§è§Ô§Ö§Û§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ, §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§ð§ä §å §ß§Ú§ç §ß§Ö§Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §°§ß§Ú §â§Ö§Ñ§Ô§Ú§â§å§ð§ä §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ö§Õ§å§ä §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §ß§Ö §ä§Ñ§Ü, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§Ñ§ß§î§ê§Ö. 

§±§â§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§Ú §¡§Ý§î§è§Ô§Ö§Û§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ §Ñ§Þ§Ú§Ý§à§Ú§Õ§ß§í§Ö §Ú §ä§Ñ§å-§Ò§Ö§Ý§Ü§Ú §ß§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§á§Ý§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§å, §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ñ §à§ä§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ ?§Ò§Ý§ñ§ê§Ü§Ú? §Ú ?§Ü§Ý§å§Ò§Ü§Ú?. §°§ä§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §á§à§Ó§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ §Ó §ï§ä§Ú§ç §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ü§Ñ§ç, §Ú §ï§ä§à §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ §ç§Ú§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §à§ä§Ó§Ö§é§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§é§å §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §à§ä §à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ü§Ý§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú §Ü §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Û, §Ó §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §ß§Ñ §Ñ§è§Ö§ä§Ú§Ý§ç§à§Ý§Ú§ß.7

§³§à§ã§å§Õ§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ

§¥§Ø§à§ß ? 78-§Ý§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§Û §Ú§ß§Ø§Ö§ß§Ö§â §ß§Ñ §á§Ö§ß§ã§Ú§Ú. §µ §ß§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§à§Ö §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ò§Ö§ä, §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §ç§à§Ý§Ö§ã§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ß. §±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §Õ§Ó§å§ç §Ú§ß§æ§Ñ§â§Ü§ä§à§Ó §Ö§Þ§å 18 §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è§Ö§Ó §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Õ §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ñ§ß§Ô§Ú§à§á§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§å (§â§Ñ§ã§ê§Ú§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ò§Ý§à§Ü§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Û), §ß§à §å §ß§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§ã§× §Ö§ë§× §Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ò§à§Ý§î §Ó §Ô§â§å§Õ§Ú.

§±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§æ§Ñ§â§Ü§ä§Ñ §å §ß§Ö§Ô§à §ß§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö-§ä§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §å§ç§å§Õ§ê§Ú§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§î, §Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Þ §Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§î, §é§ä§à §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§î §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö. §¯§à §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §Ó§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§æ§Ñ§â§Ü§ä§Ñ §Ö§Ô§à §Ø§Ö§ß§Ñ §Ú §ã§í§ß §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§Ý§Ú, §é§ä§à §à§ß §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ò§í§Ó§é§Ú§Ó §Ú §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ã§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§à§ä§à§é§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§Ñ§ß§î§ê§Ö. §¦§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ. §°§ß §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Ú §Ù§Ý§í§Þ, §Ñ §Ú§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ý§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§ä§î §Ò§Ö§Ù §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ú§Þ§í§ç §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß. §¦§Þ§å §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§à §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§Ö§Ö §Ü§å§Õ§Ñ-§ä§à §Õ§à§Ò§Ú§â§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ, §Ú §à§ß §à§Ò§Þ§à§é§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §à§Õ§Ú§ß-§Õ§Ó§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ñ, §Ù§Ñ §é§ä§à §Ö§Þ§å §Ò§í§Ý§à §å§Ø§Ñ§ã§ß§à §ã§ä§í§Õ§ß§à. §±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ö§Ô§à §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä §ß§Ñ§ê§×§Ý §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §ã §Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ü§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§î§ð, §®§²§´ §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§í §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §Þ§Ú§Ü§â§à§Ú§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§à§Ó. 

§¿§ä§à §Ò§í§Ý§à §Ó§í§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§à §ã§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §Ü§â§à§Ó§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ù-§Ù§Ñ §á§à§Ó§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§à§ã§ß§í§ç §ã§à§ã§å§Õ§à§Ó. §¿§ä§à §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä, §é§ä§à §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ü§Ú §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ §ß§Ö §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ð§ä §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§à §Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§â§à§Õ§Ñ §Ú §á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó, §é§ä§à §á§â§Ú§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ü §à§ä§Þ§Ú§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§à§Ó§í§ç §Ü§Ý§Ö§ä§à§Ü.

§³§à§ã§å§Õ§Ú§ã§ä§í§Ö §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä:

  • §±§à§ã§ä§Ú§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§ß§Ñ§ñ ? §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ü§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§à§ã§ß§í§Û §ã§à§ã§å§Õ, §á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Û §Þ§à§Ù§Ô, §ß§Ö§à§Ø§Ú§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§à §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ò§Ý§à§Ü§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §ä§â§à§Þ§Ò§à§Þ
  • §±§à§Õ§Ü§à§â§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ ? §ï§ä§à§ä §ä§Ú§á §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §á§à§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ú§Ø§ß§Ú§Û §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ, §Ô§Õ§Ö §Ü§â§à§Ó§à§ä§à§Ü §à§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ß §Þ§Ö§Ý§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ü§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§à§ã§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ã§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú.

§£§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §ã§à§ã§å§Õ§Ú§ã§ä§à§Û §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §Ó§í§ê§Ö, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Ü §Ò§Ý§à§Ü§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ü§Ö §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Û. §¬ §ß§Ú§Þ §à§ä§ß§à§ã§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§à§Ö §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ò§Ö§ä, §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §ç§à§Ý§Ö§ã§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ß §Ú, §Ü§à§ß§Ö§é§ß§à, §Ü§å§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö.8

§´§â§å§Õ§ß§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã§à§ã§å§Õ§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§ñ§ä §à§ä §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§ñ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§î §Þ§à§Ù§Ô §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§à§ß§å§ä§Ñ. §£§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í:

  • §á§à§ä§Ö§â§ñ §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú, §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ
  • §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §â§Ö§é§î§ð, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ó §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö §ã §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§î§ð §¡§Ý§î§è§Ô§Ö§Û§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ
  • §á§Ö§â§Ö§á§Ñ§Õ§í §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ
  • §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §ã §ç§à§Õ§î§Ò§à§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ.

§¥§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ §ã §ä§Ö§Ý§î§è§Ñ§Þ§Ú §­§Ö§Ó§Ú / §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§Ú §±§Ñ§â§Ü§Ú§ß§ã§à§ß§Ñ 

§´§Ö§â§â§Ú ? 66-§Ý§Ö§ä§ß§Ú§Û §å§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §ß§Ñ §á§Ö§ß§ã§Ú§Ú, §Ø§Ú§Ó§å§ë§Ú§Û §à§Õ§Ú§ß. §°§ß §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §á§à§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§à §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §å§ç§à§Õ§Ñ §ß§Ñ §á§Ö§ß§ã§Ú§ð 6 §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è§Ö§Ó §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Õ, §Ú §Ö§Þ§å §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §é§ä§à §ã§Ü§à§â§à§ã§ä§î §Ö§Ô§à §Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§ß§Ú§Ù§Ú§Ý§Ñ§ã§î. 

§£ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è§Ö§Ó §à§ß §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§Ý §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §Õ§â§à§Ø§Ú §Ó §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§Û §â§å§Ü§Ö, §Ú §Ó§é§Ö§â§Ñ §à§ß §å§á§Ñ§Ý §ß§Ñ §å§Ý§Ú§è§Ö. §°§ß §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý §ê§Ñ§â§Ü§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§Ú §ç§à§Õ§î§Ò§Ö, §é§ä§à §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Ú§Ý§à §´§Ö§â§â§Ú, §á§à§ä§à§Þ§å §é§ä§à §à§ß §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ý §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ §Ú §ã§á§à§â§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ. §¦§Ô§à §Õ§à§é§î §¬§ï§ä §à§é§Ö§ß§î §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Ú§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§ß §Ö§Õ§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ö §á§à§á§Ñ§Ý §Ó §Ñ§Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§ð, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §à§ß §á§à§ä§Ö§â§ñ§Ý §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ §â§å§Ý§×§Þ. §°§ß §â§Ö§ê§Ú§Ý, §é§ä§à §ï§ä§à §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ý§à §á§à§ä§à§Þ§å, §é§ä§à §à§ß §á§Ý§à§ç§à §ã§á§Ú§ä. §±§à §å§ä§â§Ñ§Þ §Ö§Ô§à §Ü§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ó §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§â§ñ§Õ§Ü§Ö, §Ú §å §ß§Ö§Ô§à §Ú§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §á§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ú§ß§ñ§Ü§Ú.

§¯§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§Ú§ç §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §á§à §Ó§Ö§é§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ §à§ß §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§î §â§Ö§Ò§×§ß§Ü§Ñ, §Þ§à§Ý§é§Ñ §Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ó §å§Ô§Ý§å §Ü§à§Þ§ß§Ñ§ä§í. §°§Õ§ß§Ú§Þ §Ó§Ö§é§Ö§â§à§Þ §à§ß §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§Ý §â§Ö§Ò§×§ß§Ü§å §é§ä§à-§ß§Ú§Ò§å§Õ§î §á§à§Ö§ã§ä§î, §ß§à §á§à§ä§à§Þ §á§à§ß§ñ§Ý, §é§ä§à §Ö§Ô§à §Õ§à§é§î §ß§Ö §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ú§ä §â§Ö§Ò§×§ß§Ü§Ñ. §¬§ï§ä §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à §à§ß §Ó§ã§× §Ø§Ö §ç§å§Ø§Ö §Ù§Ñ§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä §Õ§Ñ§ä§í §Ú §ç§å§Ø§Ö §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä §Õ§à§Þ§Ñ§ê§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ.

§¦§Ô§à §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Ö§ß §Ú §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §´§Ö§â§â§Ú §Ó §Ü§Ý§Ú§ß§Ú§Ü§å §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú. §±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ã§Ü§Ñ§ß§Ñ §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ §à§ß§Ú §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§â§å§ð§ä §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ð §ã §ä§Ö§Ý§î§è§Ñ§Þ§Ú §­§Ö§Ó§Ú.

§°§ß§Ñ §Ó§í§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ñ §à§ä§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ò§Ö§Ý§Ü§Ñ (§ä§Ö§Ý§î§è§Ñ §­§Ö§Ó§Ú) §Ó §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§å.9 §²§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§Ú §±§Ñ§â§Ü§Ú§ß§ã§à§ß§Ñ, §ç§à§ä§ñ §à§ß§Ú §é§Ñ§ë§Ö §á§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §á§à§Ù§Õ§ß§Ú§ç §ã§ä§Ñ§Õ§Ú§ñ§ç §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §³§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ð§ä:

  • §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú §Ú §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ö§Ý
  • §ã§á§å§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§ß§ñ
  • §à§ä§é§×§ä§Ý§Ú§Ó§í§Ö §Ù§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ô§Ñ§Ý§Ý§ð§è§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§ß§í§ç
  • §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §ã§à §ã§ß§à§Þ, §é§Ñ§ã§ä§í§Ö §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §ã§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û
  • §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§Ú §±§Ñ§â§Ü§Ú§ß§ã§à§ß§Ñ, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Õ§â§à§Ø§î §Ó §â§å§Ü§Ñ§ç, §ã§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Þ§í§ê§è, §á§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §ç§à§Õ§î§Ò§à§Û.

§¶§â§à§ß§ä§à§ä§Ö§Þ§á§à§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ

§¿§ä§à§ä §ä§Ú§á §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §Ó §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§à§Þ §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §å §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Þ§à§Ý§à§Õ§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û. §°§ß§Ñ §é§Ñ§ë§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §á§à§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ú§Û §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ. §´§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §ä§Ú§á §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §å §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ó §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö 50-60 §Ý§Ö§ä.11 

§¢§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§î §ã §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Û §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §á§â§Ú§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ü §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ §Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ü §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §â§Ö§é§Ú. §±§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§î §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Õ§à§Ý§Ô§à §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§ä§â§à§ß§å§ä§à§Û. §£§í§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§ð§ä 3 §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§ç §ä§Ú§á§Ñ:

  • §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ ? §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §Ó§Ö§Ø§Ý§Ú§Ó §Ú §Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ä §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Ú §Ô§â§å§Ò§í§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§à§ä§Ö§â§ñ§ä§î §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã §Ü §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ§å §Ó§ß§Ö§ê§ß§Ö§Þ§å §Ó§Ú§Õ§å
  • §ã§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ ? §Ö§× §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Þ §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §ã §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §â§Ö§é§Ú §Ú §Ù§Ñ§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§Ó
  • §á§Ö§â§Ó§Ú§é§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §Ñ§æ§Ñ§Ù§Ú§ñ ? §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §â§Ö§é§î§ð §Ú §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §ã§Ý§à§Ó.

§±§à§Ù§Õ§ß§ñ§ñ §Ý§Ú§Þ§Ò§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §´§¥§±-43 §ï§ß§è§Ö§æ§Ñ§Ý§à§á§Ñ§ä§Ú§ñ (LATE)

§¯§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ó§ß§à §Ò§í§Ý §Ó§í§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß §ß§à§Ó§í§Û §ä§Ú§á §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú, §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§ñ §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §á§à§ã§Þ§Ö§â§ä§ß§í§ç §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§è§à§Ó §ä§Ü§Ñ§ß§Ö§Û §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ. §°§ß§Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§ß§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ø§Ú§Ý§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ú §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ§â§ñ§Õ§å §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ó§í§ê§Ö§á§Ö§â§Ö§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §±§à§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ö§Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î LATE.10

§¢§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §â§Ö§Õ§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§í

§¦§ã§ä§î §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú. §¬ §ß§Ú§Þ §à§ä§ß§à§ã§ñ§ä§ã§ñ:

  • §¬§à§â§ä§Ú§Ü§à§Ò§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ
  • §¢§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§î §¬§â§Ö§Û§ä§è§æ§Ö§Ý§î§Õ§ä§Ñ-§Á§Ü§à§Ò§Ñ
  • §¥§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã §£§ª§¹
  • §¢§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§î §·§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§ß§Ô§ä§à§ß§Ñ
  • §²§Ñ§ã§ã§Ö§ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §ã§Ü§Ý§Ö§â§à§Ù
  • §³§Ú§ß§Õ§â§à§Þ §¬§à§â§ã§Ñ§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ
  • §¤§Ú§Õ§â§à§è§Ö§æ§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ñ §ß§à§â§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ
  • §©§Ñ§Õ§ß§ñ§ñ §Ü§à§â§Ü§à§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Ñ§ä§â§à§æ§Ú§ñ
  • §±§â§à§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Û §ã§å§á§â§Ñ§ß§å§Ü§Ý§Ö§Ñ§â§ß§í§Û §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é.

§¬§Ñ§Ü §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ?

§£§â§Ñ§é §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ð §á§à §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§å §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §å §á§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§à§Ó §Ú §Ù§Ñ §ã§é§Ö§ä §Ó§í§ñ§ã§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ï§ä§Ú §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ð§ä §ß§Ñ §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§í§ç §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û.

§±§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §á§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ã§à§Ò§Ö§ã§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §é§ä§à §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §á§à§Ý§å§é§ê§Ö. §¥§Ý§ñ §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ü§Ú §Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §æ§à§â§Þ§í §à§Ò§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ã §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §¿§ä§à §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ ?§Ü§à§Ô§ß§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ §ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ?. §´§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §à§ã§Þ§à§ä§â §Ú §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §ß§Ö§ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§í§ç §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §á§à§ã§ä§å§Ü§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §á§Ñ§Ý§î§è§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §£§â§Ñ§é§å, §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Þ§å §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§à §á§à§à§Ò§ë§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §â§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§à §ã §Ò§à§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ.

§±§Ö§â§Ó§í§Û §Ó§Ú§Ù§Ú§ä §á§à§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§í§ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§ß§í§Ö §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §é§Ñ§ë§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §Õ§Ñ§×§ä §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§Þ §ä§Ú§á§Ö §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú. §¡§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù §Ü§â§à§Ó§Ú §Ú §ä§à§Þ§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß §ï§ä§Ú§ç §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§à§Ó. §´§à§Þ§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§ñ (§¬§´/§®§²§´ §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ) §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§ä§î §ä§Ú§á §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §á§Ý§Ñ§ß §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.12

§£ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ñ§ß§ß§Ö§Û §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §Ó §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§å§ð ?§¬§Ý§Ú§ß§Ú§Ü§å §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú?. §¹§Ñ§ë§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §Ò§à§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §à§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§ñ§ä §è§Ö§Ý§í§Û §â§ñ§Õ §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ó: §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§Ñ§ä§â§í, §Ô§Ö§â§à§ß§ä§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú, §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú, §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä§í §Ú §Þ§Ö§Õ§ã§Ö§ã§ä§â§í.

§¬§ä§à §á§à§Õ§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Ö§ß §â§Ú§ã§Ü§å §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú?

§µ §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Ô§à §Ú§Ù §ß§Ñ§ã §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ, §ß§à §à§ß§Ñ §ß§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ö§ã§ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§Ú§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ø§ß§í§Þ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§í §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ñ§ð§ä §â§Ú§ã§Ü §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú.13

§¬ §ß§Ú§Þ §à§ä§ß§à§ã§ñ§ä§ã§ñ:

  • §¢§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§î §±§Ñ§â§Ü§Ú§ß§ã§à§ß§Ñ
  • §ª§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§í §Ú §ã§Ö§â§Õ§Ö§é§ß§à-§ã§à§ã§å§Õ§Ú§ã§ä§í§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ
  • §£§í§ã§à§Ü§à§Ö §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §ç§à§Ý§Ö§ã§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ß
  • §³§Ñ§ç§Ñ§â§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ò§Ö§ä 2-§Ô§à §ä§Ú§á§Ñ.

§£§Ñ§Ø§ß§à §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§í §â§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ §Ú §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ó §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ò§Ö§ä§Ñ. §´§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ó §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Þ §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§à §Ò§à§â§à§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ã§à §ã§Ý§å§ç§à§Þ, §à§Ø§Ú§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ, §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Ú§Ù§à§Ý§ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û §Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ö§Û.14

§¬ §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Ó§í§ã§Ú§ä§î §â§Ú§ã§Ü §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§ç §ä§Ú§á§à§Ó §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú,15 §à§ä§ß§à§ã§ñ§ä§ã§ñ:

  • §Ü§å§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö
  • §Ù§Ý§à§å§á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ñ§Ý§Ü§à§Ô§à§Ý§Ö§Þ ? §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö 14 §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ú§è §Ñ§Ý§Ü§à§Ô§à§Ý§ñ §Ó §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ð
  • §ß§Ö§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö
  • §ß§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§Ü §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú
  • §Ý§Ú§ê§ß§Ú§Û §Ó§Ö§ã
  • §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§í §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§í, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §å §Ò§à§Ü§ã§×§â§à§Ó.

§£§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ó§à§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§å§Ö§ä §Ò§â§à§ã§Ú§ä§î §Ü§å§â§Ú§ä§î, §ã§ß§Ú§Ù§Ú§ä§î §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ñ§Ý§Ü§à§Ô§à§Ý§ñ, §å§Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ä§î §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §á§â§Ú§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã§Ò§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §Õ§Ú§Ö§ä§í (§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ù§Ö§Þ§ß§à§Þ§à§â§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ú§Ö§ä§Ñ) §Õ§Ý§ñ §å§Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §â§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú, §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ó 40-50 §Ý§Ö§ä.16

§¤§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ §ä§à§Ø§Ö §Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§Ö§ä §â§à§Ý§î §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ú §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú. §±§à§ã§Ý§Ö 65 §Ý§Ö§ä §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§î §¡§Ý§î§è§Ô§Ö§Û§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §ß§Ö §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ñ §ã §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú, §ß§à §Ò§í§Ý§à §à§Ò§ß§Ñ§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§à §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ô§Ö§ß§à§Ó, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ß§Ö§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ñ§ð§ä §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§à§ß§Ú§Ø§Ñ§ð§ä §â§Ú§ã§Ü §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§Ú.17 §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §å §Ü§à§Ô§à-§ä§à §Ú§Ù §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ú§ç §â§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Ö§ã§ä§î §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ, §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§î§×§ä§ã§ñ §å §Ó§Ñ§ã, §Ú (§á§à§Ü§Ñ) §ß§Ö §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §ä§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ, §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§Õ§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §â§Ú§ã§Ü.

§£ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §ã§Ö§Þ§î§ñ§ç §é§Ñ§ë§Ö §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ ?§â§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ?. §£ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ñ§ç, §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à, §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§å§ð §â§à§Ý§î. §¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §å §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §ã§Ú§ß§Õ§â§à§Þ§à§Þ §¥§Ñ§å§ß§Ñ §é§Ñ§ë§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §â§Ñ§ß§ß§ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ.17 §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ú §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ú§ç §â§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Ò§í§Ý§à §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §Õ§à 65 §Ý§Ö§ä, §á§à§Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §à §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §å §Ü§Ý§Ú§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ.

§³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §Ý§Ú §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§í §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú?

§¿§ä§à §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§ä §à§ä §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù§Ñ §Ú §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ú§ç §à§Ò§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó. §±§à§Ý§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ú§Ù§Ý§Ö§é§Ú§ä§î §ï§ä§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Ü§Ñ §é§ä§à §ß§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à. §¦§ã§ä§î §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §à§á§è§Ú§Û, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Þ§å §â§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§Ü§å §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §Þ§à§Ò§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Õ§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö. 

  • §¤§â§å§á§á§Ñ §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§à§Ó §Ú§ß§Ô§Ú§Ò§Ú§ä§à§â§í §Ñ§è§Ö§ä§Ú§Ý§ç§à§Ý§Ú§ß§ï§ã§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§Ù§í (§Õ§à§ß§Ö§á§Ö§Ù§Ú§Ý, §Ô§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ß§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú§ß §Ú §â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§Ô§Þ§Ú§ß), §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§ß §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ý§Ö§é§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §¡§Ý§î§è§Ô§Ö§Û§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ §Ú §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §Õ§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î.18 §¿§ä§Ú §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§í §á§â§Ú §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §ã §ä§Ö§Ý§î§è§Ñ§Þ§Ú §­§Ö§Ó§Ú, §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ô§Ñ§Ý§Ý§ð§è§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú.19 §±§à§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ú§ä§Ö §ß§Ñ§ê§å §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §à §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ù§ß§à§Þ §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§Ú §¡§Ý§î§è§Ô§Ö§Û§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ.
  • §±§â§Ú §ã§à§ã§å§Õ§Ú§ã§ä§à§Û §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §Ó§Ñ§ê §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§à§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ä§î §Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§à§Ö §Ñ§â§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î §ç§à§Ý§Ö§ã§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ß§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ò§Ö§ä. §´§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§à §Ò§â§à§ã§Ú§ä§î §Ü§å§â§Ú§ä§î, §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §á§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ö§Ø§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§à §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§ä§î §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §å§á§â§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.
  • §£§Ú§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú§ß§í B §Ú E, §Ø§Ú§â§ß§í§Ö §Ü§Ú§ã§Ý§à§ä§í (§Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §â§í§Ò§Ú§Û §Ø§Ú§â) §Ú §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã§ß§í§Ö §á§Ú§ë§Ö§Ó§í§Ö §Õ§à§Ò§Ñ§Ó§Ü§Ú §ß§Ö §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §è§Ö§Ý§ñ§ç §ã§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §â§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú,20 §ß§à §Ó§Ñ§ê §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§à§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§ç, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §Õ§Ö§æ§Ú§è§Ú§ä §Ó§Ú§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú§ß§à§Ó. §¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§â§ß§í§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §á§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §á§â§à§Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ú§â§å§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §ã §Ó§â§Ñ§é§à§Þ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö.
  • §¤§â§å§á§á§à§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Ü§à§Ô§ß§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§ä§Ú§Þ§å§Ý§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ §ã §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ô§â§å§á§á§à§Ó§í§ç §Ú§Ô§â §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§ä§Ú§Þ§å§Ý§ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ú§ä§î §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§î §Ú §á§à§Ó§í§ã§Ú§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à.21
  • §²§Ö§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§è§Ö§ß§ä§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §à§Ò§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§ê§Ý§í§ç §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û, §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Û §Ú §Ó§á§Ö§é§Ñ§ä§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§à§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ô§â§å§á§á§à§Û. §¿§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Ù§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à §á§à§Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ü §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð (§Ü§à§Ô§ß§Ú§è§Ú§Ú) §Ú §ã§ß§Ú§Ù§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ñ§Ô§â§å§Ù§Ü§å §ß§Ñ §à§á§Ö§Ü§å§ß§à§Ó.22 
  • §³§Ü§à§â§à§ã§ä§î §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à §Ó§Ñ§â§î§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ. §±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ü§Ú §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù§Ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§â§à§Ø§Ú§ä§î §Õ§à§Ý§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ô§à§Õ§í §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Û, §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Û §Ú §á§à§Ý§ß§à§è§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú. 

§µ §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ. §¬§Ñ§Ü §ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ?

§£ §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Ò§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú §Ó§à §Ó§ã§×§Þ §Þ§Ú§â§Ö §Ó§Ö§Õ§×§ä§ã§ñ §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §à §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§ç §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§Ñ§ç §Ö§× §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §£ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ó §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Ò§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §ä§â§Ú §Ü§â§å§á§ß§í§Ö §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§Ö§ä§Ú:23

  • §¡§ß§Ô§Ý§Ú§ñ ? Dementias & Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Network () 
  • §º§à§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§ñ ? The Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network (SDCRN). §¿§ä§à§ä §Ó§Ö§Ò-§ã§Ñ§Û§ä §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ö.
  • §µ§ï§Ý§î§ã ? The Wales Dementias and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Network ()

§µ§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§Ö §Ó §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú ? §ï§ä§à §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§à§Û §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò §Ó §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Ò§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ù§Ñ§â§Ö§Ô§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§Û §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §á§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ý§Ú§è§Ñ, §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §å§ç§à§Õ.. §£§í §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ù§Ñ§â§Ö§Ô§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Ô§à §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §ã §Ö§Ô§à §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ú§ñ.

§¿§ä§Ñ §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§Ñ §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ñ §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §ß§Ñ§å§é§ß§à-§Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§à§Þ §Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ó§à§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ (NIHR) §Ó §ã§à§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ã Alzheimer Scotland, Alzheimer¡¯s Research UK §Ú Alzheimer¡¯s Society §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Õ§Ò§à§â§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ó§à§Ý§à§ß§ä§×§â§à§Ó §Õ§Ý§ñ §å§é§×§ß§í§ç, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §ã §ß§Ú§Þ§Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ä§î.

§£§í §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §å §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Ô§à §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à§Û §Ô§â§å§á§á§í §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §à §ä§Ö§Ü§å§ë§Ú§ç §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ§ç.

§¬§Ñ§Ü §ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö?

§±§â§à§ã§ä§í§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§â§í

  • §£§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§Ú§Ü §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ù§Ñ§á§Ú§ã§Ú §ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é.
  • §³§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Û§ä§Ö §ã§á§Ú§ã§à§Ü §Õ§Ö§Ý §Ú §Ó§í§é§×§â§Ü§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Ú§ç §á§à §Þ§Ö§â§Ö §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ!
  • §±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §å§Þ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§î §é§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §ß§à§Ó§à§Ö §Ú §ã§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§ñ§Û§ä§Ö §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à §è§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ó §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú.
  • §±§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ñ§Ü§ä§í §Ú §ã§Ó§à§ð §Ó§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§×§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î ? §ß§Ñ§Û§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à§Ö ?§¬§Ñ§æ§Ö §±§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú? §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Þ§Ö§â§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ.
  • §±§Ú§ä§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à §Ú §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §æ§Ú§Ù§Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§à§Û (§ï§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Þ §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö).
  • §¯§Ñ§Û§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §á§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§à§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú, §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ù§Ñ §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§à§Þ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ð§ä, §é§ä§à §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §µ §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §ã§Ö§Þ§î§Ú, §Õ§â§å§Ù§Ö§Û §Ú §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò §Ö§ã§ä§î §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§à§Ó §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ø§Ú§ä§î §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Õ§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö.

§±§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö

§®§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§å§á§Ú§ä§î §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§Þ§í§ç §Ñ§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Ó §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û. §£§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ§å §â§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§Ü§å, §Õ§â§å§Ô§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §ð§â§Ú§ã§ä§å §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§ä §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Ô§à §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §ß§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§í §Ò§í §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§Ý§Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Õ§à §ä§à§Ô§à, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ §á§à§Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§Ý§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö §Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö.

§¿§ä§à §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î (Lasting Power of Attorney, LPA).24 §³ §à§æ§à§â§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ LPA §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î . §³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä 2 §ä§Ú§á§Ñ LPA: §Õ§Ý§ñ §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ ?§Ú§Þ§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §Ú §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§í§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú? §Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§à§Ó, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã ?§Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö§Þ §Ú §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ö§Þ?.

  • LPA §ä§Ú§á§Ñ ?§Ú§Þ§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§í§Ö §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ? §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§Ú§ä §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ§Þ §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §Ò§Ñ§ß§Ü§à§Ó§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ú §Ú§ß§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§è§Ú§Û, §á§â§à§Õ§Ñ§Ø §ß§Ö§Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú, §ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô§à§Ó §Ú §Ý§î§Ô§à§ä.
  • LPA §ä§Ú§á§Ñ ?§Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö §Ú §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ö? §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§Ú§ä §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ§Þ §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú, §Ö§Ø§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §å§ç§à§Õ§Ñ §Ú §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ §á§â§à§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ.

§£§ã§Ö LPA §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §Ò§í§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§â§Ö§Ô§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§í §Ó §³§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§Ö §à§á§Ö§Ü§Ú §Ú §á§à§á§Ö§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ (Office of the Public Guardian) §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §ä§Ö§Þ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ú§ç §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î.

§±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö: §¢§Ö§ã§ã§â§à§é§ß§Ñ§ñ §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î (EPA): LPA §ä§Ö§á§Ö§â§î §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ö§ä EPA. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à, §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ EPA, §à§æ§à§â§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Õ§à 1 §à§Ü§ä§ñ§Ò§â§ñ 2007 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ, §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §ã§Ú§Ý§Ö, §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §à§ß§à §Ö§ë§Ö §ß§Ö §Ù§Ñ§â§Ö§Ô§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ñ.

§±§â§Ö§Õ§Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ: §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§× §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§Ò §à§ä§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ö §à§ä §Ü§à§ß§Ü§â§Ö§ä§ß§í§ç §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §á§â§à§è§Ö§Õ§å§â §ß§Ñ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Û, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §á§à§ä§Ö§â§ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §¿§ä§Ú §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §ã§à§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö.25 §¿§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §à§æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§ä§î §à§Õ§ß§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §à§ä LPA.

?§¿§ä§à §ñ?

§³§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §Ú§Þ§Ö§ä§î §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§í§Û §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á §Ü §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§Û §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §à §á§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ§ç §ã §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú. 

§¥§Ý§ñ §ï§ä§Ú§ç §è§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß §Õ§à§Ü§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä ?§¿§ä§à §ñ? (This is Me). §£ §ß§×§Þ §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§ã§ñ §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §à§Ò §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§Ú, §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ú §Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§à§é§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §á§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ. §¦§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ó§Ù§ñ§ä§î §ã §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§×§Þ §Ü §Ó§â§Ñ§é§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ô§à§ã§á§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ð,

§µ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§ß§í§Þ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ

§³§Ñ§Þ §á§à §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §ß§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§à§Û §à§ä§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §à§ä §Ó§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§í, §ß§à §á§à §Þ§Ö§â§Ö §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§Ú §ß§Ñ§Ó§í§Ü§Ú §Ó§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §ã§ß§Ú§Ø§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ. §¿§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§à §ã §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ó§Ú§Ù§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à-§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ, §ã§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ñ§â§å§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §¢§à§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ß§Ö §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §ä§Ö§â§ñ§ð§ä §ï§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ§Ó§í§Ü§Ú.26

  • §³§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§à§Õ§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§å §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Ò§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §å §Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§è§Ñ §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ð, §à§ß §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §Ý§Ú§è§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §Ñ§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §Ú §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ú§ä§î §à §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù§Ö ? Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) §Ú§Ý§Ú Driver & Vehicle Agency (DVA) §Ó §³§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§ß§à§Û §ª§â§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§Ú.27
  • §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§â§Ñ§é§Ñ §Ó§à§Ý§ß§å§Ö§ä §é§î§ñ-§ä§à §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§ß§í§Þ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §Ú §Ò§à§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ö §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ú§Ý §Ý§Ú§è§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Þ§å §Ñ§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å §à §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù§Ö, §à§ß §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Ñ§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å.28
  • §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§â§Ñ§é §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Ö§ß, §é§ä§à §Ó§Ñ§ê §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§à§Þ, §à§ß §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §ß§Ö§Þ§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à §á§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §Ó§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú, §á§à §Ü§â§Ñ§Û§ß§Ö§Û §Þ§Ö§â§Ö, §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Õ§à §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ DVLA/DVA.
  • §£§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ð §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §á§â§à§Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§ð §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ç§à§Ó§å§ð §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §å§Ò§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ, §é§ä§à §Ö§Ô§à §á§à§Ý§Ú§ã §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß.
  • §°§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ñ§Ó§í§Ü§à§Ó §Ó§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§î, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö §Ó§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §¿§ä§à §á§à§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ý§Ú§è§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Þ§å §Ñ§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å §â§Ö§ê§Ú§ä§î, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ý§Ú §Ó§í §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Þ§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§å. §¥§Ý§ñ §á§â§à§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ï§ä§à§Û §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ú §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§à§ß§Ñ§Õ§à§Ò§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ. §£§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §á§â§à§Û§ä§Ú §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§å §Ó §à§Ø§Ú§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ý§Ú§è§Ö§ß§Ù§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ñ§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.
  • §®§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §â§Ö§ê§Ñ§ð§ä §á§â§Ö§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §Ó§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §à§ä§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §ã§Ó§à§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§ß§à §Ó DVLA/DVA. §¿§ä§à §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ ?§Õ§à§Ò§â§à§Ó§à§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§Õ§Ñ§é§Ö§Û §á§â§Ñ§Ó?.

§¥§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ §Ú §ä§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î

§¥§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ §Ú §ä§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §å §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ö§Û. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à, §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §á§à§ç§à§Ø§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ð.29 §¬§Ñ§Ü §Ú §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ, §à§ß§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §à §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö. 

§¿§ä§à §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ ?§á§ã§Ö§Ó§Õ§à§Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§ñ?, §Ö§× §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à §Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§æ§Ú§è§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ú §Ý§Ö§é§Ú§ä§î. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Ö§ß§í, §é§ä§à §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Ô§à §â§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ, §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ó§å§ð §à§é§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§î §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ü §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä§å. §±§â§Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§í §Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ.30 

§°§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§à§Û

§£ §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §à §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §é§î§Ö§Û-§ä§à §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú, §Ù§Ñ§á§Ú§ê§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§×§Þ §Ü §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä§å. §´§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §à§ã§Þ§à§ä§â, §á§â§à§ã§ä§í§Ö §ä§Ö§ã§ä§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ü§Ú §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú §Ú §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ñ §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù §Ü§â§à§Ó§Ú. §±§â§Ú §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ý§Ö§é§Ñ§ë§Ú§Û §Ó§â§Ñ§é §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§ã §Ü §Ô§â§å§á§á§Ö §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ó, §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§à§Ô§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§â§Ñ§é§å-§ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§å.

§¬§â§à§Þ§Ö §ï§ä§à, §ß§Ú§Ø§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß §á§Ö§â§Ö§é§Ö§ß§î §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å §ß§Ñ §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Û §ã§ä§Ñ§Õ§Ú§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ß§å§Ø§ß§Ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î §ã §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §á§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§í§Þ §å§ç§à§Õ§à§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§à§ã§à§Ò§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú, §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ó §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à§Ö §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §à §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ §å§ç§à§Õ§Ö §Ú §á§Ñ§ä§â§à§ß§Ñ§Ø§ß§í§ç §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô§Ñ§ç.

§¥§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ú§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§í§Ö §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú

§³§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ú §ß§Ñ §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§í §Ú §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §à §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú.

§¯§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ô§à§â§ñ§é§Ñ§ñ §Ý§Ú§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú: 0300 222 11 22.

§¿§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§ß§í§Û §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã: helpline@alzheimers.org.uk

§­§Ú§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú National Dementia Helpline §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð, §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§í §Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å. §¦§× §ã§à§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ó§í§ã§Ý§å§ê§Ñ§ð§ä §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Ô§à §Ò§à§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ö§Û, §Õ§Ñ§Õ§å§ä §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.

§¤§â§å§á§á§Ñ Age UK §ã§ä§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ú§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ó §á§à§Ù§Õ§ß§Ö§Þ §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö, §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ñ §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô§Ú §Ú §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§å§ð §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å. §³§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã Age UK: 0800 169 8787; §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§ß§í§Û §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ã: contact@ageuk.org.uk

§´§Ö§Ý§Ö§æ§à§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§Ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú: 0808 808 7777. Carers UK §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ý§Ú§è, §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §ß§Ö§à§á§Ý§Ñ§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Û §å§ç§à§Õ §Ù§Ñ §Õ§â§å§Ù§î§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §â§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ§Ú.

§¢§ð§â§à Citizen¡¯s Advice §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä §Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§ß§å§ð, §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §Ú §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§å§ð §Ü§à§ß§ã§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ð. §°§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ó §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à§Ö §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§Ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §Ó §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ý§î§Ô§à§ä, §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§à§Þ §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §å§ç§à§Õ§Ñ.

§¢§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§ä§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ, §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §ã §ä§Ö§Ý§î§è§Ñ§Þ§Ú §­§Ö§Ó§Ú, §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å §Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ð, §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ö§Þ§î§ñ§Þ §Ú §à§á§Ö§Ü§å§ß§Ñ§Þ §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§î §ã§å§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ö§Ô§à §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ.

Law Society §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§à§Û §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §à §ð§â§Ú§Õ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§ç, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §à§æ§à§â§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û, §Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§í§Þ §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§à§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ §ð§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ.

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ§í §Ú§Ý§Ú §å§ç§Ñ§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ù§Ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§à§Þ, §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §ã §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö§Þ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §à §ã§Ó§à§×§Þ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö, §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§Ñ§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ö, §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó §ã§å§Õ §Õ§Ý§ñ §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§á§Ö§Ü§å§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ (Court of Protection), §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ó§í (§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ü§ä§à-§ä§à §Ö§ë§×) §ã§Þ§à§Ô§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §ï§ä§Ú §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ §ß§Ú§ç.

§¡§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§ã§ä§Ó§à §ã§à §ã§æ§Ö§â§à§Û §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §¡§ß§Ô§Ý§Ú§Ú §Ú §µ§ï§Ý§î§ã§Ö (§Õ§Ý§ñ §º§à§ä§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§Ú §Ú §³§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§ß§à§Û §ª§â§Ý§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§Ú §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§í). §¡§Ô§Ö§ß§ä§ã§ä§Ó§à §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ§å §á§à§á§Ö§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ð §Ó §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ò§Ö§ã§ã§â§à§é§ß§à§Û (EPA) §Ú §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û (LPA) §Ú §ã §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ù§à§â§à§Þ §Ù§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ§Þ§Ú, §ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ã§å§Õ§à§Þ §á§à §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §á§à§á§Ö§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.

§¥§à§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §Ú§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú

§±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ Reading Well Books on Prescription §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §ã §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ö§Û §Ú §Ú§ç §à§á§Ö§Ü§å§ß§Ñ§Þ. §ª§ç §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§å§ð§ä §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§í §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ó§à§à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú, §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §à§á§í§ä §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §ã §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ö§Û.

§¬§ß§Ú§Ô§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§í §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§å§ð §Ò§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú§à§ä§Ö§Ü§å §Ú §Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ý§Ñ§ä§ß§à §Ó§Ù§ñ§ä§î §ä§Ñ§Þ §Ü§ß§Ú§Ô§Ú.

§¬§ß§Ú§Ô§Ú §Ó §ã§á§Ú§ã§Ü§Ö §Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§å§â§í §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§í §ß§Ñ §é§Ö§ä§í§â§Ö §Ü§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§à§â§Ú§Ú: §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ú §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§í, §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î §ã §Õ§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ö§Û, §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ñ §â§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Ú §à§á§Ö§Ü§å§ß§à§Ó, §Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú.

  • Alzheimer's and Other Dementias: answers at your fingertips. Cayton, Graham, & Warner. Class Publishing (London) Ltd. 3-§Ö §Ú§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, 2008 §Ô.
  • Your Memory: a users guide. Baddeley. Carlton Books (London). §±§Ö§â§Ö§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ú§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, 2004 §Ô.
  • Dancing with Dementia: My story of living positively with dementia. Bryden. Jessica Kingsley Publishers (London & Philadelphia). 2005 §Ô.

§³§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ú

  1. Prince, M. et al. (2014). Nutrition and Dementia: a review of available research. Alzheimer¡¯s Disease International. London. [§à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß] §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §á§à §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ö:  [§ª§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§à 4 §Ú§ð§Ý§ñ 2019 §Ô.].
  2. Alzheimer¡¯s Society. (2019). Normal ageing vs dementia. [§à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß] §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §á§à §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ö:  [§ª§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§à 4 §Ú§ð§Ý§ñ 2019 §Ô.].
  3. Prince, M et al. (2014). Dementia UK: §±§Ö§â§Ö§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ó§ä§à§â§à§Ö §Ú§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö. Alzheimer¡¯s Society. [§à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß] §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §á§à §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ö: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/59437/1/Dementia_UK_Second_edition_-_Overview.pdf [§ª§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§à 4 §Ú§ð§Ý§ñ 2019 §Ô.], §ã§ä§â. 16.
  4. Alzheimer¡¯s Research UK. (2018). Prevalence by age in the UK. [§à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß] §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §á§à §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ö:  [§ª§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§à 4 §Ú§ð§Ý§ñ 2019 §Ô.].
  5. Alzheimer¡¯s Research UK. (2018). Mild cognitive impairment. [§à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß] §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §á§à §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ö:  [§ª§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§à 4 §Ú§ð§Ý§ñ 2019 §Ô.]. 
  6. Alzheimer¡¯s Research UK. (2018). Different types of dementia. [§à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß] §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §á§à §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ö: https://www.dementiastatistics.org/statistics/different-types-of-dementia/ [§ª§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§à 4 §Ú§ð§Ý§ñ 2019 §Ô.].
  7. National Institute on Aging. (2017). What Happens to the Brain in Alzheimer¡¯s Disease? [§à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß] §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §á§à §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ö: https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-happens-brain-alzheimers-disease [§ª§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§à 4 §Ú§ð§Ý§ñ 2019 §Ô.].
  8. British Heart Foundation. (2019). Vascular dementia. [§à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß] §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §á§à §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ö: https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/vascular-dementia [§ª§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§à 4 §Ú§ð§Ý§ñ 2019 §Ô.].
  9. National Health Service. (2016). Overview: Dementia with Lewy bodies. [§à§ß§Ý§Ñ§Û§ß] §¥§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§à §á§à §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ö:  [§ª§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§à 4 §Ú§ð§Ý§ñ 2019 §Ô.].
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