ÍøÆغÚÁÏ

§±§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à (§±§´§³§²)

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Below is a Russian translation of our information resource on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). You can also read our other Russian translations.

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§¹§ä§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §±§´§³§²?

§±§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à (§±§´§³§²) ¨C §ï§ä§à §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§å§ä§î §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§Ý §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ.

§®§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú, §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö, §à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§å§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§Õ §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã §ß§Ú§Þ §ß§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§ç §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§Û, §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ö§Û §Ú §Ó§à§ã§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §ã§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Þ §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ú§ä§ã§ñ. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §ï§ä§Ú §ß§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §â§Ö§Ñ§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §å §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ß§Ö §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ä §Ú §Þ§Ö§ê§Ñ§ð§ä §Ú§ç §á§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§à§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú, §ï§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ã§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §à §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§Ú §±§´§³§².

§¹§ä§à §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §±§´§³§²?

§±§´§³§² §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ü§à§ã§ß§å§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Ô§à §Ú §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ö§ä, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ü§ä§à-§ä§à §á§à§Õ§Ó§Ö§â§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §å§Ô§â§à§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ§Þ, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §Ü§Ñ§Ü:

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  • §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§Ñ§ñ §ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§ã§ß§Ñ§ñ §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ
  • §ã§Ö§Ü§ã§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §ß§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ö

§´§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ:

  • §¯§Ö§á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à - §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §é§ä§à-§ä§à §ã§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ý§à§ã§î §ã §ß§Ú§Þ§Ú;
  • §¢§å§Õ§å§é§Ú §ã§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Þ §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ - §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó §Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ý§à §ã §Ü§Ö§Þ-§ä§à §Ö§ë§Ö;
  • §±§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ó §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§Ö §à §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ê§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§à§ß§å§Ý§à §Ú§ç §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ü§Ú§ç;
  • §£ §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ñ §ã §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö§Þ - §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ü§à§Ô§à-§ä§à §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§Ñ§Ô§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§Ñ§Ô§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û. §®§í §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ö§Þ, §é§ä§à §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §á§à§Õ§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Ö§ß§í §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ§Þ §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §ï§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§â§à§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Û §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §æ§Ú§Ý§î§Þ§í §Ú§Ý§Ú §å§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö, §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.

§±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Û §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ: 

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  • §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§Ö §Ó §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§à§Þ §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ê§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú (§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §¥§´§±);
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  • §à§ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §â§à§Õ§í;
  • §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù §å§Ô§â§à§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ;
  • §Ó§à§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ó§à§à§â§å§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ý§Ú§Ü§ä§í;
  • §ä§Ö§â§â§à§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ñ§ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú;
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§±§à§é§Ö§Þ§å §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §ê§à§Ü?

§´§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §ê§à§Ü, §á§à§ä§à§Þ§å §é§ä§à §Þ§í §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §Ú§ç §à§ã§Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú§ä§î. §°§ß§Ú §ß§Ö §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §ß§Ñ§ê§Ú§Þ §á§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§í§Þ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ §à§Ò §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ú§â§Ö.

§´§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Ü§Ñ§Ø§å§ä§ã§ñ ?§ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Û§ß§í§Þ§Ú? §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §ñ§ã§ß§à§Û §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§í. §°§ß§Ú §ß§Ö §ã§à§Ó§á§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §ã §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §Ü§Ñ§â§ä§Ú§ß§à§Û §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ, §é§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§ä§î §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§ç §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.

§°§á§í§ä §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§Þ, §é§ä§à §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ã§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ã §ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã §ß§Ñ§ê§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ó §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Û §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä. §£ §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§Ö §Þ§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §á§à§é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ö§Ö §å§Ô§â§à§Ù§å, §é§ä§à §á§à §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§ß§í§Þ §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ç. §ª§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö&²Ô²ú²õ±è;§ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ñ§ã §å§ã§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó c§Ñ§Þ§à§Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§Ú §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ý§Ú§é§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §é§ä§à §ã§Ñ§Þ§à §á§à §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ß§Ö§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§í§Þ.

§¹§ä§à §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §±§´§³§²?

§¢§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ä §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú. §°§Ü§à§Ý§à §à§Õ§ß§à§Û §ä§â§Ö§ä§Ú §Ó§Ù§â§à§ã§Ý§à§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §¡§ß§Ô§Ý§Ú§Ú §à§ä§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§ð§ä, §é§ä§à §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ú §ç§à§ä§ñ §Ò§í §à§Õ§ß§à §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §ß§Ö §å §Ó§ã§Ö§ç, §Ü§ä§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö, §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à.

§±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §à§á§í§ä§Ñ §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ô§à§â§Ö, §á§Ö§é§Ñ§Ý§î, §ä§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ô§å, §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ó§Ú§ß§í §Ú §Ô§ß§Ö§Ó. §¿§ä§à §Ó§à§Ó§ã§Ö §ß§Ö §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à §å §ß§Ú§ç §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à. §­§ð§Õ§Ú §ã §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í (§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ú §ß§Ú§Ø§Ö), §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §á§à§é§ä§Ú §ã§â§Ñ§Ù§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è§Ö§Ó §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ.

§±§â§Ú §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ï§ä§Ú §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §Þ§Ö§ê§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §á§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§à§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ú/§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §Ü§â§Ñ§Û§ß§Ö§Ö §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §Ú§Ù §ï§ä§Ú§ç §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§à§Ó §á§à§ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ú§ã§î §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §ã§â§Ñ§Ù§å §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ, §ä§à  §ã§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Þ §ß§Ö §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à, §é§ä§à §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§î§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à.

§±§à§Ó§ä§à§â§ß§à§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§à§Ó

  • §£§à§ã§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §¯§Ö§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§í§Ö §Ó§à§ã§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §à §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ú, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ñ§Ó§ñ§Ù§é§Ú§Ó§í§Ö §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú, §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à §ã§Þ§ñ§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.
  • §³§ß§í ¨C §ä§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ø§ß§í§Ö §ã§ß§í §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ü§à§ê§Þ§Ñ§â§í, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö§Þ
  • §¥§Ú§ã§ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §â§Ö§Ñ§Ü§è§Ú§Ú ¨C §à§ë§å§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ò§å§Õ§ä§à §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ (§Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í §Ü§Ñ§Ü §æ§Ý§ï§ê §Ò§Ö§Ü§Ú). §£ §ï§Ü§ã§ä§â§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ§ç §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §ß§Ö §à§ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ó§à§Ü§â§å§Ô §Ó§Ñ§ã.
  • §¶§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ú §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Õ§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã ¨C §à§ë§å§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ §Ú §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§à§Ù§Ò§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ (§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §å§é§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Õ§í§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö, §å§é§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §á§å§Ý§î§ã) §á§â§Ú §à§Ò§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§ç, §Ü§Ñ§Ü-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §ß§Ñ§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Ó§Ñ§Þ §à §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ú.

§³§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ

  • §¥§Ú§ã§ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ñ§Þ§ß§Ö§Ù§Ú§ñ ¨C §ß§Ö§ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ó§ã§á§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§î §Õ§Ö§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ú §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ.
  • §°§ä§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î ¨C §à§ë§å§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§ä§é§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§ä§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú, §ã §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ§Ú §Ó§í §â§Ñ§ß§î§ê§Ö §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ü§Ú.
  • §ª§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§à§Ó §Ú §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ö§Û §à §ã§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ó§ê§Ö§Þ§ã§ñ. §¯§Ö§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §à §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Þ §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ú (§ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ§ç).
  • §ª§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ñ§ã§ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§è§Ú§Û ¨C §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§à§ã§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û, §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ö§Û, §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó, §Ó§Ö§ë§Ö§Û, §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ú §Þ§Ö§ã§ä, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ã §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö§Þ. §¿§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó §Þ§Ñ§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Û §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §à§ã§Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§ð§ä §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö, §à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §ï§ä§à §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à.

§³§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ

  • §¯§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §å§Ò§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §à§Ø§Ú§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ ¨C §ß§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú §à §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö, §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ú§â§Ö.
  • §°§Ò§Ó§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö ¨C §à§Ò§Ó§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ó §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ö§Õ§ê§Ö§Þ §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Þ §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ö§Ô§à §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ§ç.
  • §°§ä§â§Ú§è§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§Ú ¨C §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ç§Ñ, §å§Ø§Ñ§ã§Ñ, §Ô§ß§Ö§Ó§Ñ, §Ó§Ú§ß§í §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§ä§í§Õ§Ñ.
  • §±§à§ä§Ö§â§ñ §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§Ñ §Ü §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú ¨C §à§ä§Ü§Ñ§Ù §à§ä §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§ñ §Ó §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §å§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§Ñ §Ü §Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ§Ú §Ó§í §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §â§Ñ§ß§î§ê§Ö §á§â§Ú§ß§à§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ñ§Þ §å§Õ§à§Ó§à§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö.
  • §¯§Ö§ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§Ú ¨C §ß§Ö§ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§é§Ñ§ã§ä§î§Ö, §å§Õ§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ä§Ó§à§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Ó§î.

§³§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§â§à§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §â§Ö§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú

  • §³§Ó§Ö§â§ç§Ò§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î ¨C §é§â§Ö§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§ã§Ó§Ö§Õ§à§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ó§à§Ü§â§å§Ô §Ó§Ñ§ã, §ß§Ö§ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§î §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ.
  • §­§Ö§Ô§Ü§à§Ó§à§Ù§Ò§å§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §Õ§â§à§Ø§î ¨C §é§â§Ö§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ü§è§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §ê§å§Þ§í §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ß§Ñ§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó§Ñ§Þ §à §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Þ §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ú.
  • §´§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ - §£§Ñ§Þ §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à §ã§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§à§ä§à§é§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ñ§ç, §ß§Ñ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ô§Ý§Ú §ã§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§à§ä§à§é§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §â§Ñ§ß§î§ê§Ö.
  • §±§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §ã§à §ã§ß§à§Þ - §´§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §Ù§Ñ§ã§í§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ú §ã§ß§à§Þ. §£§Ñ§ê §ã§à§ß §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §á§à§Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§à§ã§ä§ß§í§Þ,  §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ã§ß§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü§à§ê§Þ§Ñ§â§í.
  • §²§Ñ§Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î - §£§ã§á§í§ê§Ü§Ú §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ß§à§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ñ§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §á§à §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ü §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§Þ. §¿§ä§Ú §Ó§ã§á§í§ê§Ü§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Ó§í§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§í §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §é§Ö§Ô§à-§ä§à, §ß§Ñ§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§Ñ§Þ §à §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Þ §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ú.
  • §¯§Ö§à§ã§ä§à§â§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î - §³§ä§â§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ§Þ §à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§â§Ñ§Ù§â§å§ê§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§Þ§Ú.

§±§à§é§Ö§Þ§å §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ö§ä §±§´§³§²?

§³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§í§ç §à§Ò§ì§ñ§ã§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §±§´§³§²

§±§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ñ

§±§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §±§´§³§² §Ü§â§Ñ§Û§ß§Ö §ß§Ö§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§í §Ú §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à.  §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §ï§ä§Ú §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §á§â§Ú§à§Ò§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§ð§ä §ã§Þ§í§ã§Ý, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Þ§í §Ù§Ñ§Õ§å§Þ§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§ã§ñ §à §ä§à§Þ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ñ§ê §â§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ §ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§Ý§ñ §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§í §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ.

  • §±§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§î - §±§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö, §Þ§í §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §ß§Ö §ã§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §Ö§Ô§à §Ó§ã§á§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö §Ù§Ñ§ç§à§ä§Ú§Þ §Ö§Ô§à §Ó§ã§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ä§î. §¯§Ö§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§ñ §ß§Ñ §ä§à, §é§ä§à §Ó§ã§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ö§Õ§ê§Ö§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ß§Ö§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§à, §ï§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §ß§Ñ§Þ §á§à§ß§ñ§ä§î §ã§Þ§í§ã§Ý §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ §Ú §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§í§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö§Ô§à §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ.
  • §¯§Ñ§Ó§ñ§Ù§é§Ú§Ó§í§Ö §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§à§ã§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ (§æ§Ý§ï§ê§Ò§Ö§Ü§Ú) ¨C §Ú§ç §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü  §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö§ã§ñ §á§â§à§Ú§Ô§â§í§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§Ö §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ý§à. §°§ß§Ú §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§í §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ñ§ã §Ù§Ñ§Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §à §ã§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ó§ê§Ö§Þ§ã§ñ, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Þ§í §ã§Þ§à§Ô§Ý§Ú §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Û §Ö§Ô§à §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §á§â§Ú §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ï§ä§Ú §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú §á§â§à§ã§ä§à §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §å §ß§Ñ§ã §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ.
  • §ª§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §á§â§Ú§ä§å§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö ¨C §£§à§ã§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §à §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ö §å§ä§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í §Ú §Þ§å§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í. §ª§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §á§â§Ú§ä§å§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ö§Û §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§Ö§â§Ö§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ý§à. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §ï§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§Ö§ê§Ñ§ä§î §à§ã§Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ã§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ó§ê§Ö§Ô§à§ã§ñ.
  • §³§Ó§Ö§â§ç§Ò§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î - §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Þ§í §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§â§à§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§Þ §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ, §é§ä§à §Þ§í §Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§í §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§à §à§ä§â§Ö§Ñ§Ô§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§í§Û §ß§à§Ó§í§Û §Ü§â§Ú§Ù§Ú§ã. §¿§ä§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ñ§ã §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§Û §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§Ö§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §Ñ§Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ü§â§Ú§Ù§Ú§ã§Ñ. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §á§â§Ú §ï§ä§à§Þ §ã§Ó§Ö§â§ç§Ò§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§í§Þ§Ñ§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ú §Þ§Ö§ê§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ñ§Þ §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §ä§à, §é§ä§à §â§Ñ§ß§î§ê§Ö §á§â§Ú§ß§à§ã§Ú§Ý§à §ß§Ñ§Þ §å§Õ§à§Ó§à§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö.

§¶§Ú§Ù§Ú§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ñ

§¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ð§ä §á§â§Ú §±§´§³§² §Ú§Ù-§Ù§Ñ §ä§à§Ô§à §é§ä§à §ß§Ñ§ê §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ §ß§Ö§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à §á§í§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§à§Û.

  • §¡§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ß ¨C §ï§ä§à §Ô§à§â§Þ§à§ß, §Ó§í§â§Ñ§Ò§Ñ§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Û §ß§Ñ§ê§Ú§Þ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§à§Þ §á§à§Õ §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ. §°§ß §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö§Þ§å §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§å §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ§Þ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§ð§ä §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à §ï§ß§Ö§â§Ô§Ú§Ú, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ü §Ò§Ö§Ô§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§à§â§î§Ò§Ö §ã §Ü§Ö§Þ-§ä§à. §±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §Ú§ã§é§Ö§Ù§ß§à§Ó§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ß§Ñ §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §á§â§Ú§Û§ä§Ú §Ó §ß§à§â§Þ§å. §±§â§Ú §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ñ§â§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ó§à§ã§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §à §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Þ §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§Ú§Û §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ß§Ñ §Ó §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö, §é§ä§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§ä §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ñ§á§â§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ, §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §Ú §ß§Ö§ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§í§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ç§à§â§à§ê§à §Ó§í§ã§á§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ.
  • §¤§Ú§á§á§à§Ü§Ñ§Þ§á ¨C §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ, §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ù§Ñ §æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§Û §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ù §Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ü§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §á§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§Ú §Ó §Õ§à§Ý§Ô§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§å§ð.  §£§í§ã§à§Ü§Ú§Û §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î §Ô§à§â§Þ§à§ß§à§Ó §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ñ§Õ§â§Ö§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ß, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§Ö§ê§Ñ§ä§î §Ö§Þ§å §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§à§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ §Ú §Ó§à§ã§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §à §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Þ §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ú §ß§Ö §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ. §¿§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Ü §ä§à§Þ§å, §é§ä§à §Ó§í §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö §á§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§î §à §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ò§å§Õ§ä§à §â§Ú§ã§Ü §Ó§ã§Ö §Ö§ë§Ö §á§â§Ú§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä, §Ñ §ß§Ö §Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §Ö§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ä§à, §é§ä§à §ã§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ý§à§ã§î §Ó §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Þ

§¦§ã§ä§î §Ý§Ú §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Û §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §±§´§³§²? 

§±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§ä§à§Ô§à §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Û §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§à§Ò§â§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §é§Ñ§ë§Ö §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Û §Ó §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö. §¿§ä§à §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ö§ä, §é§ä§à §â§Ú§ã§Ü §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §å §ß§Ú§ç §Ó§í§ê§Ö, §é§Ö§Þ §å §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Û. §´§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ:

  • §ß§Ö§à§ä§Ý§à§Ø§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§í (§á§à§Ý§Ú§è§Ú§ñ, §á§à§Ø§Ñ§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§Ñ, §ã§Ü§à§â§Ñ§ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î);
  • §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú;
  • §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§ß§ã§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Û §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§Ú §Ú §â§Ö§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú;
  • §Ó§à§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ú§Ö §Ú §á§Ö§â§ã§à§ß§Ñ§Ý §Ó §Ù§à§ß§Ñ§ç §Ò§à§Ö§Ó§í§ç §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û.

§¬§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §±§´§³§²?

§³§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §±§´§³§² §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã§â§Ñ§Ù§å §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ, §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è§Ö§Ó §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ß§Ö§Ô§à. §°§Ò§í§é§ß§à §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §á§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ó§í§ç 6 §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è§Ö§Ó §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ. §£ §â§Ö§Õ§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ñ§ç §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §á§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù 6 §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è§Ö§Ó. §¬ §ã§à§Ø§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð, §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ß§Ö §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ù§Ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §á§â§Ú §á§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ó§í§ç §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§à§Ó.

§±§´§³§² §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§à §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è§Ñ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §ã§â§Ñ§Ù§å §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ó§í§ê§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í, §à§ß§Ú §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§à §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§í §Ú §Þ§Ö§ê§Ñ§ð§ä  §ß§à§â§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú, §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ý§à§ã§î ?§à§ã§ä§â§à§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à?.

§±§à§é§Ö§Þ§å §ß§Ö §å §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §±§´§³§²?

§®§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ö§ã§ñ§è§Ñ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §à§á§í§ä§Ñ. §®§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù §ï§ä§Ú§ç §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§à§Ó §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§à§â§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §â§Ö§Ñ§Ü§è§Ú§Ö§Û §ß§Ñ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§Ö§Þ§å§ð §à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§î. §®§à§Ø§ß§à §Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§ç §Ü§Ñ§Ü §á§à§á§í§ä§Ü§Ú §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Ô§à §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§Ú§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§ã §à§ä  §ß§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ.

§°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §à§ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§ð§ä  §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ö§Õ§ê§Ö§Ö §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §ß§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§î, §Ú§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ  §é§å§ä§î §Õ§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö, §Ú §ä§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ú§ç §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §ß§Ñ§é§ß§å§ä §Ú§ã§é§Ö§Ù§Ñ§ä§î.

§ª§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä, §é§ä§à §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ô§â§å§á§á§í §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §á§à§Õ§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Ö§ß§í §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ§å §â§Ú§ã§Ü§å §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §²§Ú§ã§Ü §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ã§ß§Ú§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §Ú§Þ§Ö§Ö§ä:

  • §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á §Ü §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ö 
  • §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á  §Ü ?§ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ö §ã §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§Ú§Þ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ?, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ó§à§ã§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ.

§¬§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ §é§Ñ§ë§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à?

§­§ð§Ò§à§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§í§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §±§´§³§², §ç§à§ä§ñ §é§Ö§Þ §ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ö §á§à§ä§â§ñ§ã§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §ä§Ö§Þ §Ó§í§ê§Ö §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §±§´§³§². §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ó§Ö§â§à§ñ§ä§ß§à, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö:

  • §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§á§ß§í§Þ §Ú §ß§Ö§à§Ø§Ú§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ
  • §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ
  • §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ó§í §á§à§á§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ó §Ù§Ñ§á§Ñ§Õ§ß§ð, §Ú§Ù §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ó§í§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ
  • §Ò§í§Ý§à §Ó§í§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§à §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú
  • §á§â§Ú§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §ã§Þ§Ö§â§ä§Ö§Û
  • §á§â§Ú§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ü §å§Ó§Ö§é§î§ñ§Þ
  • §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä §Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Û

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í  §á§à-§á§â§Ö§Ø§ß§Ö§Þ§å §á§à§Õ§Ó§Ö§â§Ø§Ö§ß§í §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§å §Ú §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ó §ß§Ö§à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ú, §ï§ä§à §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§ä  §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§ä §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§à§Ó §±§´§³§². 

§¬§Ñ§Ü  §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §ñ §á§â§Ö§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ö§Ý §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Û §à§á§í§ä? 

§£§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §Ó§í §å§Ø§Ö §á§â§Ö§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ö§Ý§Ú §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö:

  • §Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §à §ß§Ö§Þ §Ò§Ö§Ù §Ý§Ú§ê§ß§Ú§ç §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û
  • §ß§Ö §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §á§à§Õ §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à§Û §å§Ô§â§à§Ù§à§Û
  • §ß§Ö §Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §à§Ò §ï§ä§à§Þ §Ó§ã§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ

§±§à§é§Ö§Þ§å §±§´§³§² §ß§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ?

§³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §â§ñ§Õ §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß, §á§à §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§å §ã §±§´§³§² §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ß§Ö §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù.

§³§ä§Ú§Ô§Þ§Ñ §Ú §ß§Ö§á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö

§­§ð§Õ§Ú §ã §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §à §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §à§ë§å§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §ß§Ö §Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §à §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Þ §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ú.

§¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§ð§ä, §é§ä§à §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ú §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í (§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §à§ß§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ), §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §Ú§Þ §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û, §Ú §ß§Ö §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ð§ä, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ú §Ó§í§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§í §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ.

§¬§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ  §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §à§é§Ö§ß§î §á§Ý§à§ç§à, §Ú§Þ §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à §á§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ú§ä§î, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ú §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§í §á§à§é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§Ñ§ß§î§ê§Ö, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Õ§à  §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ. §¿§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §à§ä§ä§à§Ý§Ü§ß§å§ä§î §Ú§ç §à§ä §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú.

§³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ò§Ý§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §é§ä§à §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ó§à§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ú§Ö. §¯§Ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Þ §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö, §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§ß§å§ä§î §å §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§à§Ô§à §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, §Ú  §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Û §à§á§í§ä §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ö§ß.

§¯§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§ß§í§Û §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§Ù

§µ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §à§ê§Ú§Ò§à§é§ß§à §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ô§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§í §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ä§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ô§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ. §µ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ú §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §ã§à §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§Ö§Þ §Ú§Ù-§Ù§Ñ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §±§´§³§² §à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ.

§°§ß§Ú  §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ì§ñ§ã§ß§Ú§Þ§í§Ö §ã §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§è§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú §Ù§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü:

  • §Ø§Ö§Ý§å§Õ§à§é§ß§à-§Ü§Ú§ê§Ö§é§ß§í§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ
  • §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ß§Õ§â§à§Þ§í
  • §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§Ú

§¿§ä§Ú §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §±§´§³§² §å §ß§Ú§ç §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ.

§¥§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú

§µ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §à§ä §Ñ§Ý§Ü§à§Ô§à§Ý§ñ §Ú §ß§Ñ§â§Ü§à§ä§Ú§Ü§à§Ó. §ª§ç §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§à§Û §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à, §ß§à §ï§ä§Ú §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §Ò§å§Õ§å§ä §á§â§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §à§ä§é§Ö§ä§Ý§Ú§Ó§à, §ß§Ö§Ø§Ö§Ý§Ú §ã§Ñ§Þ§à §±§´§³§².

§®§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §±§´§³§² §å §Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Û?

§±§´§³§² §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Þ §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö.  §±§à§Þ§Ú§Þ§à §à§Ò§ë§Ú§ç §ã§à §Ó§Ù§â§à§ã§Ý§í§Þ§Ú §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§à§Ó §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Õ§Ö§ä§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î:

  • §¬§à§ê§Þ§Ñ§â§í ¨C §å §Õ§Ö§ä§Ö§Û §ï§ä§Ú §ã§ß§í §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §à§ä§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö §à§ä§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö  §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö.
  • §±§à§Ó§ä§à§â§ñ§ð§ë§Ñ§ñ§ã§ñ §Ú§Ô§â§Ñ ¨C §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Õ§Ö§ä§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§í§Ô§â§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö §Ó§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ú§Ô§â§í. §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §â§Ö§Ò§Ö§ß§à§Ü, §á§à§á§Ñ§Ó§ê§Ú§Û §Ó §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§à§Ö §Õ§à§â§à§Ø§ß§à-§ä§â§Ñ§ß§ã§á§à§â§ä§ß§à§Ö §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ê§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§à§ã§á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ñ§Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§ð §ã §Ú§Ô§â§å§ê§Ö§é§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Þ§Ñ§ê§Ú§ß§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú.
  • §¶§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í ¨C §à§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ø§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ú §Ó §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§Ö §Ú §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§Ú.
  • §¢§à§ñ§Ù§ß§î §ã§Ü§à§â§à§Û §ã§Þ§Ö§â§ä§Ú ¨C §Ú§Þ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à §á§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ú§ä§î, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ú §á§â§à§Ø§Ú§Ó§å§ä §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§à §Õ§à§Ý§Ô§à, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§Ù§â§à§ã§Ý§í§Þ§Ú.

§¬§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §±§´§³§²?

§³§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §â§ñ§Õ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §±§´§³§², §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §Ü§à§Ô§ß§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à-§á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ð, §à§â§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§å§ð §ß§Ñ §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§å (§´§¶-§¬§±§´), §Õ§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§ã§Ú§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§å §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ù (§¥§±§¥§¤) §Ú §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í.

§±§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ

§±§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §ã§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§à§ä§à§é§Ö§ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Þ §à§á§í§ä§Ö, §Ñ §ß§Ö §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú. §°§ß§Ú §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ó §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Þ:

  • §±§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Ú ¨C §ß§Ñ§å§é§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §ä§à§ä §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä, §é§ä§à, §ç§à§ä§ñ §Ó§í §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §ä§à, §é§ä§à §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ý§à, §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §á§à-§Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Þ§å §Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §à §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ú, §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ú§â§Ö §Ú §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú.
  • §£§à§ã§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §à §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ú ¨C §Ó§ã§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ñ §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ý§à, §Ó§í §ß§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à. §£§í §ã§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ý§à, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ã§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§ç§à§ä§Ú§ä§Ö, §Ñ §ß§Ö §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §ß§Ñ§Ó§ñ§Ù§é§Ú§Ó§í§Ö §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§à§ã§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ.
  • §°§Ò§ì§ñ§ã§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú ¨C  §á§â§à§Ô§à§Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Ó§ã§Ý§å§ç §ä§à, §é§ä§à §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ý§à, §Ó§Ñ§ê §â§Ñ§Ù§å§Þ §ã§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §à§ä§à§Õ§Ó§Ú§ß§å§ä§î §Ó§à§ã§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Õ§Ñ§Ý§î§ê§Ö §Ú §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§Þ§Ú.
  • §°§Ò§â§Ö§ä§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú ¨C §á§à§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§Ú §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §¿§ä§à §á§à§Ù§Ó§à§Ý§Ú§ä §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§à§é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ó §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Û §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §å§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§à§ã§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û.

§­§ð§Ò§å§ð §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ð §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ §à§Ò§å§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §Ú §Ñ§Ü§Ü§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Û §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä. §³§Ö§Ñ§ß§ã§í §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä §à§Õ§Ú§ß §Ú §ä§à§ä §Ø§Ö §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä §ß§Ö §â§Ö§Ø§Ö §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ñ §Ó §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ð, §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Û §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð  §ß§Ö §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ö 8-12 §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§î.

§³§Ö§Ñ§ß§ã§í §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §Õ§Ý§ñ§ä§ã§ñ §à§Ü§à§Ý§à §é§Ñ§ã§Ñ, §Ú§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §à§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Õ§à 90 §Þ§Ú§ß§å§ä.

§´§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä:

§¬§à§Ô§ß§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à-§á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ð, §à§â§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§å§ð §ß§Ñ §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§å

§²§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§Ó§Ú§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ß§à§Û §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù §Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §³§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Þ §ï§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö §Ú §Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §á§à-§Õ§â§å§Ô§à§Þ§å. §°§Ò§í§é§ß§à §à§ß§Ñ §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §Ú§ß§Õ§Ú§Ó§Ú§Õ§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à, §ç§à§ä§ñ §Ö§ã§ä§î §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §Ü§à§Ô§ß§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à-§á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ð §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§í §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ó §Ô§â§å§á§á§Ñ§ç.

§¥§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§ã§Ú§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§å §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ù (§¥§±§¥§¤)

§´§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§Ö§ä §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ù, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Þ§à§Ù§Ô§å §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ä§î §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Ó§à§ã§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ.

§£§Ñ§ã §á§à§á§â§à§ã§ñ§ä §Ó§ã§á§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§î §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö §Ú §ä§à, §é§ä§à §à§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Ó§Ñ§ã §Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §Ú §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î. §±§à§Ü§Ñ §Ó§í §ï§ä§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö, §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§à§Ø§Ñ§ä §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§î §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§î §Ú§ß§å§ð ?§Õ§Ó§å§ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§ß§ð§ð §ã§ä§Ú§Þ§å§Ý§ñ§è§Ú§ð?, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â,§á§à§ã§ä§å§Ü§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §â§å§Ü§à§Û. §°§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ, §ï§ä§à §ã§ß§Ú§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §ß§Ñ§Ô§â§å§Ù§Ü§å, §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§å§ð §Ó §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §ã §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §Ó§à§ã§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ, §Ú §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§à§Û.

§¥§±§¥§¤ §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§Ñ §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§æ§Ú§è§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§à§Þ. §¥§±§¥§¤ §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§Ö§ä 8-12 §ã§Ö§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó, §Õ§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §à§ä 60 §Õ§à 90 §Þ§Ú§ß§å§ä.

§¯§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §æ§à§â§Þ§í §â§Ñ§Ù§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ß§à§Û §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§í §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í (§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §á§Ý§à§ç§à§Û §ã§à§ß) §å §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û,  §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §¥§±§¥§¤ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ü§à§Ô§ß§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à-§á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§í §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §ß§Ö§ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú.

§®§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§í §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ú §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä, §Ó§â§Ñ§é §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§í.

§³§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §Ú§ß§Ô§Ú§Ò§Ú§ä§à§â§í §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§ç§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ñ §ã§Ö§â§à§ä§à§ß§Ú§ß§Ñ (§³§ª§°§©§³) ¨C §ï§ä§à §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§í, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §å§Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ú§ä§î §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §°§ß§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§à§Þ§à§é§î, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §à§ä §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§Ú.

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §³§ª§°§©§³, §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§ä§î §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ö§á§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§í, §ß§à §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §ï§ä§à §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §á§à §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ §á§à §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ð.

§¬§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§Ö§Ö?

§ª§Þ§Ö§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §¬§à§Ô§ß§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à-§á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§í §Ú §¥§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§ã§Ú§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ñ §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ù §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ý§å§é§ê§Ú§Þ§Ú §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Û §Ý§Ú§ß§Ú§Ú. §®§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ù§ß§à§Ö §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §ä§Ö§Þ, §Ü§ä§à §à§ä§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§ä §â§Ñ§Ù§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§ß§à§Û §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ý§Ö§Ô§Ü§à §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ä§î §Ü §ß§Ö§Û §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á.

§¬ §Ü§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ§å §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ñ §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ö§ß §á§â§Ú§Ò§Ö§Ô§ß§å§ä§î §Ó §á§Ö§â§Ó§å§ð §à§é§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§î?

§±§ã§Ú§ç§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ, §à§â§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ß§Ñ §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§å (§´§¶-§¬§±§´ §Ú§Ý§Ú §¥§±§¥§¤), §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Õ§à §ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó, §ß§Ñ§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ï§ä§à §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à. §¿§ä§à §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ§Þ §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§ä§Ñ §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §Ú §Ü§Ý§Ú§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Ò§â§Ú§ä§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú (NICE).

§¬§Ñ§Ü §ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§é§î?

§¦§ã§ä§î §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§í, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ§Ú §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ó§à§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §é§ä§à§Ò§í §ã§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ§å §Ó§í§Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ý§à§ã§î §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à. §£§Ñ§ê §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä §á§à§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ §Ú §á§à§Ù§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ó§í §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à §Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ý§Ú:

§±§â§Ú§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§â§ñ§Õ§Ü§Ñ §Õ§ß§ñ - §¯§Ñ§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ï§ä§à §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §ã§ä§Ñ§â§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ó§Ö§â§ß§å§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ§å §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à§Þ§å §â§Ñ§ã§á§à§â§ñ§Õ§Ü§å §Õ§ß§ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §Ö§Ô§à. §±§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ñ §Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ó§í§é§ß§í§Û §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú, §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §à§Ò§â§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à §à§á§à§â§í.

§±§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö §ã §ä§Ö§Þ§Ú, §Ü§à§Þ§å §Ó§í §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§â§ñ§Ö§ä§Ö - §·§à§ä§ñ §Ó§í §ß§Ö §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ß§å§Ø§ß§à §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §ã§à §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú §à §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ê§Ö§Õ§ê§Ö§Þ, §â§Ñ§Ù§Ô§à§Ó§à§â §ã §ä§Ö§Þ, §Ü§à§Þ§å §Ó§í §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§â§ñ§Ö§ä§Ö, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§ç §Ó §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§Û  §à§Ò§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ü§Ö. §´§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §á§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §ã §Ü§Ö§Þ-§ä§à, §Ü§ä§à §á§â§à§ê§Ö§Ý §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §ä§à §Ø§Ö, §é§ä§à §Ú §Ó§í, §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã §Ü§Ö§Þ-§ä§à, §Ü§ä§à §á§â§à§ê§Ö§Ý §é§Ö§â§Ö§Ù §é§ä§à-§ä§à §á§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ß§î§ê§Ö, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §ï§ä§à §ß§Ö §á§â§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ú§ä §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ó§â§Ö§Õ§Ñ.

§±§à§á§â§à§Ò§å§Û§ä§Ö §å§á§â§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö - §±§à§á§â§à§Ò§å§Û§ä§Ö §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§Ñ§è§Ú§ð §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §å§á§â§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §²§Ñ§ã§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §ß§Ö§á§â§à§ã§ä§à§Û §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ö§Û, §á§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §á§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö §ã§à §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä§à§Þ §à§Ò §å§á§â§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ§ç, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ.

§£§à§Ù§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó §ê§Ü§à§Ý§å ¨C §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä§Ö §Ó §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §ã§Ú§Ý§í, §ä§à §ï§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ó§Ö§â§ß§å§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö, §Ó §ê§Ü§à§Ý§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä, §Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Ó§Ñ§Þ §à§ë§å§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ó§í§é§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Þ§Ñ. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §ã§ä§Ñ§â§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §á§à§Õ§Ó§Ö§â§Ô§ß§å§ä§î§ã§ñ §Õ§à§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§å. §°§Ò§í§é§ß§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§à§Þ §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§à§Û  §à§Ò§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ü§Ö §ã §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§Ú§Þ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ.

§¦§ê§î§ä§Ö §Ú §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §å§á§â§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú - §³§ä§Ñ§â§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ö§ã§ä§î §Ó §á§â§Ú§Ó§í§é§ß§à§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ, §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §ß§Ö §à§ë§å§ë§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ô§à§Ý§à§Õ. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ó §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ú, §ã§ä§Ñ§â§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§à §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã§á§à§â§ä§à§Þ. §¿§ä§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§à§é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §å§ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§à§ã§ä§î §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §ã§ß§à§Þ.

§±§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú ¨C §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ, §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §ã §ß§Ö§Ò§Ö§Ù§â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú,  §á§à§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§à§é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å.

§°§Ø§Ú§Õ§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §é§ä§à §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö -  §¬§à§ß§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §Þ§í§ã§Ý§ñ§ç §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §ã§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Þ §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ô§é§Ñ§Ö§ä, §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§í§Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §±§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§Ö, §é§ä§à §ß§Ö §ã§ä§à§Ú§ä  §ß§Ñ§á§â§ñ§Ô§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ó §á§à§á§í§ä§Ü§Ñ§ç §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§Ö§Ö §á§à§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ.

§£§Ö§â§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §ä§å§Õ§Ñ, §Ô§Õ§Ö §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ý§à §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö - §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §á§à§é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä§Ö, §é§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §ï§ä§à §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î, §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ù§Ñ§ç§à§ä§Ö§ä§î §Ó§Ö§â§ß§å§ä§î§ã§ñ §ä§å§Õ§Ñ, §Ô§Õ§Ö §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§ê§Ý§à §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö. §±§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö §ã§à §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä§à§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§â§Ñ§é§à§Þ, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä§Ö §ï§ä§à §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §à§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§Ý§Ú §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§ã §ß§Ñ §ï§ä§à§Þ §ï§ä§Ñ§á§Ö.

§¦§ã§ä§î §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ó§Ö§ë§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §Ó§í§Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ ?§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ó§Ö§ë§Ñ§Þ§Ú? §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §à§é§Ö§ß§î §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à, §Ú §Ó§í §ß§Ö §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î  §ã§Ó§à§ð §Ó§Ú§ß§å, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§ä§Ö, §é§ä§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §é§ä§à-§ä§à §Ú§Ù §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à:

§©§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö§ã§î §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ü§â§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§à§Û ¨C §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ §ã§Ý§Ñ§Ò§à§ã§ä§Ú. §¿§ä§à §ß§à§â§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ü§è§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ø§Ö§ã§ä§à§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ.

§¥§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö §ã§Ó§à§Ú §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§â§Ú §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à, §ß§Ö §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Û§ä§Ö §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Ó§Ú§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§í§Þ §Ú§Ù-§Ù§Ñ §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ§Ú §Þ§í§ã§Ý§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú. §²§Ñ§Ù§Ô§à§Ó§à§â §à §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Þ §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Þ§å §Ó§í§Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð.

§°§Ø§Ú§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö, §é§ä§à §Ó§ã§Ö §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§à §Ó§Ö§â§ß§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ß§à§â§Þ§å ¨C §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ. §³§ä§Ñ§â§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §ß§Ö §ä§â§Ö§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §à§ä §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §ã§Ý§Ú§ê§Ü§à§Þ §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à§Ô§à §Ó §Ü§à§â§à§ä§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§â§à§Ü§Ú.

§³§ä§à§â§à§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û. §±§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§ñ §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §Ó §à§Õ§Ú§ß§à§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö, §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §å§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§ä§î §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú§Ù§à§Ý§ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §å§ç§å§Õ§ê§Ú§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§Ö §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö.

§µ§á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ñ§Ý§Ü§à§Ô§à§Ý§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ü§å§â§Ú§ä§Ö. §¯§Ö§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§ñ §ß§Ñ §ä§à §é§ä§à §Ñ§Ý§Ü§à§Ô§à§Ý§î §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§Ö§ß §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ý§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ, §Ñ §Ü§à§æ§Ö §Ú §ß§Ú§Ü§à§ä§Ú§ß §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ã§ä§Ú§Þ§å§Ý§ñ§ä§à§â§í, §ã§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Þ §à§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §å§ç§å§Õ§ê§Ú§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í, §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ.

§±§Ö§â§Ö§å§ä§à§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §±§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§ä§î §ã§à§ß, §ß§à, §ß§Ñ§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §ï§ä§à §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à, §ã§ä§Ñ§â§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §á§â§Ú§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Ô§à §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Þ§Ñ §ã§ß§Ñ §Ú §ß§Ö §Ý§à§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §ã§á§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§Ù§Õ§ß§à, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ï§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §å§ç§å§Õ§ê§Ú§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö. §£§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §à §ç§à§â§à§ê§Ö§Þ §ã§ß§Ö §Ó §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö§Þ §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§Ö.

§¯§Ñ§Ü§à§ß§Ö§è, §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §ã§à§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§ä§î §à§ã§ä§à§â§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î  §Ù§Ñ §â§å§Ý§Ö§Þ. §±§à§ã§Ý§Ö §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ï§á§Ú§Ù§à§Õ§Ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §é§Ñ§ë§Ö §á§à§á§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ä§î §Ó §ß§Ö§ã§é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ú.

§¹§ä§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã§ß§à§Ö §±§´§³§²?

§µ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã§ß§à§Ö §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ö §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à,  §Ó§í§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§ä§í§Þ §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§Ö§â§Ú§Ö§Û §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Û,  §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç§ã§ñ §Ü§â§Ñ§Û§ß§Ö §å§Ô§â§à§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §å§Ø§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú. §¿§ä§Ú §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§à§Û§ä§Ú §Ó §Õ§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó §Ù§â§Ö§Ý§à§Þ §Ó§à§Ù§â§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö.

§¯§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ü§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ä§î. §¬ §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§å:

  • §á§í§ä§Ü§Ú
  • §â§Ñ§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§à
  • §Ô§Ö§ß§à§è§Ú§Õ
  • §á§â§à§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó §â§Ñ§Û§à§ß§Ñ§ç §Ò§à§Ö§Ó§í§ç §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û
  • §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Õ§à§Þ§Ñ§ê§ß§Ö§Ö §ß§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ö
  • §á§à§Ó§ä§à§â§ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ö§ã§ñ §ã§Ö§Ü§ã§å§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §Ú §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ß§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ö

§±§à§Þ§Ú§Þ§à §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§à§Ó §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ã §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã§ß§í§Þ §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö:

  • §Ú§Þ§Ö§ä§î §Ü§â§Ñ§Û§ß§Ö §ß§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à ?§å§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ, §á§à§Ò§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§à§Þ §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§à§Þ?
  • §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Ö §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§Ö §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§Û §Ú §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §â§Ö§Ñ§Ü§è§Ú§Û
  •  §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ý§ð§Õ§î§Þ§Ú

§¬§Ñ§Ü §Þ§ß§Ö §Ó§à§ã§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §à§ä §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã§ß§à§Ô§à §±§´§³§²?

§¥§Ý§ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ã §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã§ß§í§Þ §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§í§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§ß§à §à§ä§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ú§ñ §Ü §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §Ú §Ü §Þ§Ú§â§å §Ó §è§Ö§Ý§à§Þ.  §µ§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §á§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §ã §±§´§³§² §Ú §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä§Ñ §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§Ö§ä §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú, §Ñ §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§Ò§í§é§ß§à §á§â§à§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ó §ä§â§Ú §ï§ä§Ñ§á§Ñ:

§³§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ

§¯§Ñ §ï§ä§Ñ§á§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ó§í §ß§Ñ§å§é§Ú§ä§Ö§ã§î §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§â§ñ§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Þ§å §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ö§Ó§ä§å, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §Ú §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§à§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Õ§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ §Ú §à§ä§é§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.

§£ §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ñ§ç §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §à§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§à§Û §ã §à§á§à§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú ¨C  ?§ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Ù§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ?. §¿§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ã§Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ó§í§é§ß§í§ç §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §à§ë§å§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§ç §Ú §ß§Ñ§á§à§Þ§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ, §é§ä§à §Ó§í §Ø§Ú§Ó§Ö§ä§Ö §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ú§Þ, §Ñ §ß§Ö §á§â§à§ê§Ý§í§Þ.

§³§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ ?§à§ä§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ú§ä§î? §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ú §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ç§Ñ §Ú §Ò§Ö§ã§á§à§Ü§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §à§ä §Ó§à§ã§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §Ó§í§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§Þ§í§ç §Ú§Þ§Ú §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§Û, §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§ñ §á§â§Ö§Ó§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §ï§ä§Ú §Ó§à§ã§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§Ö §á§å§Ô§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö.

§¸§Ö§Ý§î §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ã§à§ã§ä§à§Ú§ä §Ó §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §Ó§í §Ó §Ü§à§ß§Ö§é§ß§à§Þ §Ú§ä§à§Ô§Ö §ã§Þ§à§Ô§Ý§Ú §Ø§Ú§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§î§ð, §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§ã§î §à§ä §ä§â§Ö§Ó§à§Ô§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§à§ã§á§à§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û.

§ª§ß§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§Û §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð.

§´§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ, §à§â§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ß§Ñ §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§å

§´§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ, §à§â§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ß§Ñ §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§å, §Ó §ä§à§Þ §é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö §¥§±§¥§¤ (§¥§Ö§ã§Ö§ß§ã§Ú§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ñ §Õ§Ó§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ù) §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ü§à§Ô§ß§Ú§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à-§á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ß§Ñ §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§å, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §à§á§í§ä§à§Þ. §´§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§í §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ó§Ú§Õ§í §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§Ú, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ð.  §±§â§Ú §Ü§à§Þ§á§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã§ß§à§Þ §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §ã§à§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§ä§î §à§ã§ä§à§â§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §á§à§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§å §ï§ä§Ú §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§í §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §å§ç§å§Õ§ê§Ú§ä§î §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§ð, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ.

§²§Ö§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ô§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ó§à§ã§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö

§²§Ö§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ô§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ó §á§â§Ú§Ó§í§é§ß§í§Û §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§â§Ú§Ó§í§Ü§ß§å§ä§î §Ü §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §Þ§Ú§â§å §Ó §ä§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ó§í §Ó§í§ê§Ý§Ú §Ú§Ù §à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§Û §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Û §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§Ú§ã§î §â§Ñ§ß§î§ê§Ö. §¿§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§ä§î §Ó §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à §Ó§í§Ò§à§â§Ñ.

§²§Ö§Ú§ß§ä§Ö§Ô§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ:

  • §à§ä§ß§à§ã§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §ã§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ü §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ
  • §Ó§à§ã§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§î §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§â§Ú§Ö §Ü §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ
  • §Ó§à§Ù§à§Ò§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§î §Õ§â§å§Ø§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö, §Ú§ß§ä§Ú§Þ§ß§í§Ö §à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §ß§Ñ §å§Ü§â§Ö§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ö§Ô§à §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ñ §Ú §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§ñ

§®§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í

§´§Ñ§Ü §Ø§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ú §Ó §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö §±§´§³§², §ß§Ñ§â§ñ§Õ§å §ã §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§Ö§Û §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ñ§ß§ä§í §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §®§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ù§ß§à§Ö §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §á§ã§Ú§ç§à§ä§Ö§â§Ñ§á§Ú§ñ §ß§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§Ñ§ã. §´§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§Ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§Ñ §á§à §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Þ§å §Ù§Õ§à§â§à§Ó§î§ð, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ù§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ú§Þ §Þ§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ù§ß§í§Þ §Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ.

§³§Ñ§Þ§à§á§à§Þ§à§ë§î

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §å §Ó§Ñ§ã §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ý§à§ã§î §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§Ö §±§´§³§², §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§à §á§í§ä§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §à§Ò§í§é§ß§í§Ö §Ó§Ö§ë§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ß§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §ß§Ú§é§Ö§Ô§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Ô§à §ã §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ú§Þ §á§â§à§ê§Ý§í§Þ §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §à§á§í§ä§à§Þ.

§°§ß§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ä§î:

  • §Ù§Ñ§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Õ§â§å§Ù§Ö§Û
  • §å§ã§ä§â§à§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§å
  • §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§ñ§â§ß§í§Þ§Ú §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §å§á§â§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú
  • §ß§Ñ§å§é§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ §â§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú
  • §ß§Ñ§Û§ä§Ú §å§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö
  • §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Õ§à§Þ§Ñ§ê§ß§Ú§ç §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§ß§í§ç

§¿§ä§Ú §Ó§Ö§ë§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §á§à§ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§ß§à §ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§à§Ó§Ö§â§ñ§ä§î §Þ§Ú§â§å §Ó§à§Ü§â§å§Ô §Ó§Ñ§ã. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à §ï§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§î §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ, §Ú §ß§Ö §ß§Ñ§Õ§à §ã§ä§í§Õ§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à §á§à§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§å §ï§ä§Ú §Ó§Ö§ë§Ú §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ø§å§ä§ã§ñ §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §ß§Ö §ã§â§Ñ§Ù§å §ã§Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ú §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ.

§¬§Ñ§Ü §å§Ù§ß§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §å §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §±§´§³§²?

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §ä§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §é§ä§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ý §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö, §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ë§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ó§Ö§ë§Ú. §¿§ä§Ú §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§í §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ä§à§Ô§à §é§ä§à §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü §ß§Ö §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ:

  • §ª§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §á§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú ¨C §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§Ñ§ñ §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ß§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö, §à§á§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §Ò§à§Ý§î§ß§Ú§é§ß§í§Ö, §Þ§Ö§Ý§Ü§Ú§Ö §ß§Ö§ã§é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ú.
  • §ª§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§ñ§ç ¨C §Ô§ß§Ö§Ó, §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§â§Ñ§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §Õ§Ö§á§â§Ö§ã§ã§Ú§ñ, §à§ä§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§Ñ §Ú §à§ä§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú.
  • §ª§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §Þ§í§ã§Ý§ñ§ç ¨C §Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î §ß§Ñ §å§Ô§â§à§Ù§Ñ§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ç§Ñ§ç, §ß§Ö§Ô§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Û §Ó§Ù§Ô§Ý§ñ§Õ §ß§Ñ §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Ö
  • §¯§Ö§à§Ø§Ú§Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §ã§Ú§Þ§á§ä§à§Þ§í, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§Õ§í§ê§Ü§Ñ, §ß§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ù§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§î §Ó §Ø§Ú§Ó§à§ä§Ö.

§¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §ã§é§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö, §é§ä§à §å §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§Ú §á§à§ã§ä§ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§ä§â§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§ä§î §Ö§Þ§å §á§à§Ò§Ö§ã§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§à §ã§Ó§à§Ú§Þ §Ó§â§Ñ§é§à§Þ. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ó§í §ß§Ö §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§à §ã §ß§Ú§Þ §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ü§Ú§Þ, §á§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö §ã §Ü§Ö§Þ-§ä§à §Ú§Ù §Ö§Ô§à §â§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§â§å§Ù§Ö§Û, §Ü§ä§à §Þ§à§Ô §Ò§í §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §ï§ä§à §Ù§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§ã.

§ª§Þ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§à §à§Ò§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ü §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §à §±§´§³§², §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ï§ä§à§ä §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã, §é§ä§à§Ò§í §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§í§ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §ã §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ§Ú §à§ß§Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ü§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ.

§¬§Ñ§Ü §ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §ä§à§Þ§å, §Ü§ä§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ý §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö?

§´§Ö§Þ, §Ü§ä§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ý §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Ö, §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ:

  • §¢§å§Õ§î§ä§Ö §â§ñ§Õ§à§Þ ¨C §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §á§à§Ò§í§ä§î §â§ñ§Õ§à§Þ §ã §ß§Ú§Þ§Ú. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §à§ß§Ú §à§ä§Ü§Ñ§Ø§å§ä§ã§ñ, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§Ú§ä§î §Ú§ç, §é§ä§à §Ó§í §Ò§å§Õ§Ö§ä§Ö §ã §ß§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö, §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §à§ß§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ð§ä. §¯§Ö §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§Ó§ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ, §ß§à §ã§ä§Ñ§â§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §å§Ò§Ö§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ú§ç §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§ê§å §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î.
  • §³§Ý§å§ê§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö ¨C §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§â§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §ß§Ö §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §à§ß§Ú §é§Ö§Ô§à-§ä§à §ß§Ö §ç§à§ä§ñ§ä. §¦§ã§Ý§Ú §à§ß§Ú §Ù§Ñ§ç§à§ä§ñ§ä §á§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î ¨C §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§â§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ó§í§ã§Ý§å§ê§Ñ§ä§î §Ú§ç §ß§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ò§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Ú §ß§Ö §á§í§ä§Ñ§ñ§ã§î §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã §ß§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ó§Ñ§ê§Ú§Þ §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §à§á§í§ä§à§Þ.
  • §©§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ú§Ö §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í ¨C §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ó§í §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í, §ä§à §ã§ä§Ñ§â§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î,  §é§ä§à§Ò§í §à§ß§Ú §Ò§í§Ý§Ú §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Ô§à §á§à§â§ñ§Õ§Ü§Ñ §Ú §ß§Ö §ß§Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §à§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ó§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä§Ö §ã§á§â§à§ã§Ú§ä§î: ?§¤§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ý§Ú §Ó§í §à§Ò §ï§ä§à§Þ §ã §Ü§Ö§Þ-§ä§à §Ö§ë§Ö?? §Ú§Ý§Ú ?§®§à§Ô§å §Ý§Ú §ñ §á§à§Þ§à§é§î §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ß§Ñ§Û§ä§Ú §Õ§à§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î??
  • §±§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð (§á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î) ¨C §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ä§â§å§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ö §å§ç§à§Õ§Ñ §Ù§Ñ §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §Ú§Ý§Ú §Ù§Ñ§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Û §á§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú. §±§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§à§Ø§Ú§ä§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î ¨C §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â §Ó §å§Ò§à§â§Ü§Ö §Õ§à§Þ§Ñ §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ö§Õ§í;

§±§à§ã§ä§Ñ§â§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §ß§Ö §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ:

  • §° §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §Ó§í §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§ß§Ú §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä ¨C §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ú §é§ä§à-§Ý§Ú§Ò§à §á§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§à§Ö, §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §ã§Ú§ä§å§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§à-§â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§Þ§å. §³§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§Ó§à§Û §à§á§í§ä §ã §à§á§í§ä§à§Þ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §ß§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§Õ§Ñ §á§à§Ý§Ö§Ù§ß§à;
  • §° §ä§à§Þ §ß§Ñ§ã§Ü§à§Ý§î§Ü§à §Ú§Þ §á§à§Ó§Ö§Ù§Ý§à §à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §Ó §Ø§Ú§Ó§í§ç ¨C §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ý§Ú §ä§â§Ñ§Ó§Þ§Ú§â§å§ð§ë§Ú§Ö §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§ñ, §Ù§Ñ§é§Ñ§ã§ä§å§ð §ß§Ö §Õ§å§Þ§Ñ§ð§ä §é§ä§à ?§Ú§Þ §á§à§Ó§Ö§Ù§Ý§à?. §¹§Ñ§ã§ä§à §à§ß§Ú §Ú§ã§á§í§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä §é§å§Ó§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ó§Ú§ß§í §à§ä §ä§à§Ô§à, §é§ä§à §à§ß§Ú §Ó§í§Ø§Ú§Ý§Ú, §Ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö §á§à§Ô§Ú§Ò§Ý§Ú;
  • §µ§Þ§Ñ§Ý§ñ§ä§î §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ø§Ú§ä§à§Ô§à ¨C §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§â§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §ß§Ö §Ô§à§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§î §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §à §ä§à§Þ, §é§ä§à §Ó§ã§Ö §Þ§à§Ô§Ý§à §Ò§í§ä§î §Ô§à§â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§à §ç§å§Ø§Ö, §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó§í §ï§ä§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ú§Ù §Ý§å§é§ê§Ú§ç §á§à§Ò§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §á§í§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö§ã§î §Ú§Þ §ä§Ö§Þ §ã§Ñ§Þ§í§Þ §á§à§Þ§à§é§î. §´§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §Ó§í§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ó§í§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §å §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §à§ë§å§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö, §é§ä§à §Ú§ç §à§á§í§ä §ß§Ö §Ó§à§ã§á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ó§ã§Ö§â§î§Ö§Ù;
  • §¥§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ß§Ö§å§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§Ö §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§í  ¨C  §á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§â§Ñ§Û§ä§Ö§ã§î §ß§Ö §Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§à§Ó§Ö§ä§í §Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §Õ§Ñ§Ø§Ö §Ö§ã§Ý§Ú §Ó §á§â§à§ê§Ý§à§Þ §Ó§Ñ§Þ §ï§ä§à §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ý§à. §£§ã§Ö §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§Ö §Ú §ß§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ü§à §à§ß§Ú §å§Ø§Ö §á§â§à§Ò§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §ä§à, §é§ä§à §Ó§í §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö.

§³§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ú:

§¿§ä§Ñ §Ú§ß§æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ñ §²§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ü§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§à§Û §Ü§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ô§Ú§Ö§Û §á§à §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ð §ã §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §¬§à§â§à§Ý§Ö§Ó§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§Õ§Ø§Ñ §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§Ñ§ä§â§à§Ó (PEEB). §°§ß §à§ä§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ý§å§é§ê§Ú§Ö §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §Õ§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Þ§à§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §ß§Ñ§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ.

§°§ã§à§Ò§Ñ§ñ §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§Õ§Ñ§â§ß§à§ã§ä§î PTSD UK, §Ý§ð§Ò§Ö§Ù§ß§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§Þ §ã§Ó§à§Ú §à§ä§Ù§í§Ó§í §à§Ò §ï§ä§à§Þ §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§Ö.

§¿§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§í§Û §â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â: §á§â§à§æ§Ö§ã§ã§à§â §¯§Ú§Ý §¤§â§Ú§ß§Ò§Ö§â§Ô

§±§à§Ý§ß§í§Ö §ã§ã§í§Ý§Ü§Ú §ß§Ñ §ï§ä§à§ä §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã §Õ§à§ã§ä§å§á§ß§í §á§à §Ù§Ñ§á§â§à§ã§å.

§±§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß §¦§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Û §¶§Ñ§Ô§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§â§ê§Ú§Û §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§ß §á§ã§Ú§ç§Ú§Ñ§ä§â 

Translated by Elena Fage, Specialty doctor in CAMHS

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